Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons

Autor: Tali Mass, Anthony J. Giuffre, Matthew Frazier, Chang-Yu Sun, Maayan Neder, Nobumichi Tamura, Camelia V. Stan, Matthew A. Marcus, Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert, Cayla A. Stifler
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Coral
Mineralogy
ocean acidification
Stylophora pistillata
engineering.material
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
Calcium Carbonate
Calcification
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
PEEM
Calcification
Physiologic

Animals
Seawater
Physiologic
Reef
Dissolution
Ecosystem
geography
Minerals
Multidisciplinary
geography.geographical_feature_category
biology
Coral Reefs
Aragonite
fungi
technology
industry
and agriculture

Ocean acidification
biochemical phenomena
metabolism
and nutrition

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
biology.organism_classification
Anthozoa
Amorphous calcium carbonate
calcification crisis
0104 chemical sciences
Amorphous solid
vital effects
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Chemical engineering
PNAS Plus
engineering
population characteristics
mesocrystal
Crystallization
geographic locations
Zdroj: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 114, iss 37
Mass, T; Giuffre, AJ; Sun, CY; Stifler, CA; Frazier, MJ; Neder, M; et al.(2017). Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(37), E7670-E7678. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1707890114. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/23x6p9f7
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707890114.
Popis: © 2017, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model assumes precipitation in contrast with observed “vital effects,” that is, deviations from elemental and isotopic compositions at thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we show direct spectromicroscopy evidence in Stylophora pistillata corals that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); that these are formed in the tissue as 400-nm particles; and that they attach to the surface of coral skeletons, remain amorphous for hours, and finally, crystallize into aragonite (CaCO3). We show in both coral and synthetic aragonite spherulites that crystal growth by attachment of ACC particles is more than 100 times faster than ion-by-ion growth from solution. Fast growth provides a distinct physiological advantage to corals in the rigors of the reef, a crowded and fiercely competitive ecosystem. Corals are affected by warming-induced bleaching and postmortem dissolution, but the finding here that ACC particles are formed inside tissue may make coral skeleton formation less susceptible to ocean acidification than previously assumed. If this is how other corals form their skeletons, perhaps this is how a few corals survived past CO2increases, such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum that occurred 56 Mya.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Popis
Abstrakt:© 2017, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model assumes precipitation in contrast with observed “vital effects,” that is, deviations from elemental and isotopic compositions at thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we show direct spectromicroscopy evidence in Stylophora pistillata corals that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); that these are formed in the tissue as 400-nm particles; and that they attach to the surface of coral skeletons, remain amorphous for hours, and finally, crystallize into aragonite (CaCO3). We show in both coral and synthetic aragonite spherulites that crystal growth by attachment of ACC particles is more than 100 times faster than ion-by-ion growth from solution. Fast growth provides a distinct physiological advantage to corals in the rigors of the reef, a crowded and fiercely competitive ecosystem. Corals are affected by warming-induced bleaching and postmortem dissolution, but the finding here that ACC particles are formed inside tissue may make coral skeleton formation less susceptible to ocean acidification than previously assumed. If this is how other corals form their skeletons, perhaps this is how a few corals survived past CO2increases, such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum that occurred 56 Mya.
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1707890114.