Fiziološke adaptacije bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), smrče (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) i jele (Abies alba Mill.) na sezonsko variranje abiotičkih činilaca u četiri zaštićena planinska staništa Republike Srbije
| Autor: | Horak Rita |
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| Jazyk: | srbština |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: | |
| Druh dokumentu: | Diplomová práce |
| Popis: | Tokom tri vegetacione sezone mereni su fiziološkiparametri: fotosinteza, transpiracija, efikasnostiskorištavanja vode (WUE), kao i parametribioprodukcije na odabranim šumskimpopulacijama bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), smrče(Picea abies (L.) Kartsen) i jele (Abies alba Mill.),čija su staništa na različitim nadmorskim visinamasa različitom dostupnošću vode u zemljištu.Određivana je i zavisnost između položaja šumskezajednice na padini planine (nadmorska visina inagib) i fotosinteze, odnosno bioprodukcijebiljaka. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se preciznodefiniše mogući dalji trend geografskogpomeranja staništa odabranih biljnih vrsta koji je ukorelaciji sa morfo-fiziološkim adaptivnimodgovorom biljaka na promenu ekoloških uslovaživotne sredine. Fotosintetička aktivnost tokomvegetacione sezone bila je stabilna ili sepovećavala pri optimalnoj vlažnosti zemljišta. Nalokalitetima Tara i Kopaonik količinaatmosferskih padavina nije igrala određujućuulogu u dinamici fotosintetičke asimilacije CO2.Vlažnost zemljišta je na ovim lokalitetima bilavisoka i stabilna zbog dreniranja vode sa okolnihbrda. Registrovane razlike u dinamici fotosintezeizmeđu ispitivanih vrsta povezane su sa različitimživotnim ciklusom listopadnih i četinarskih vrsta isa različitim fiziološkim adaptacionimstrategijama na promene faktora spoljašnjesredine. Na dinamiku fotosintetičke asimilacijeCO2 signifikantno utiče prosečna temperaturavazduha pre i tokom merenja, prosečnaosmonedeljna količina padavina pre merenja,količina padavina na dan merenja, kao imomentalna vlažnost zemljišta (MVZ). Rezultatiistraživanja ukazuju da će dejstvo klimatskihpromena biti više izraženo na šumskimpopulacijama koje se nalaze na vršnim,grebenskim lokalitetima većih nadmorskih visina,ili na padinama planina. Sušni periodi tokomvegetacione sezone, značajan su faktor pomeranjašuma planinskih lokaliteta. Bukove šume su dobroadaptirane na sušu i dobro podnose temperaturnistres, međutim, dugi periodi sa oskudnimpadavinama izazivaju smanjenje asimilacije CO2što ograničava značaj šuma u ublažavanjuklimatskih promena. During three vegetation seasons, physiologicalparameters, such as photosynthesis, transpiration,water use efficiency (WUE), as well as the parametersof bioproduction of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.),spruce (Picea abies (L.) Kartsen) and fir (Abies albaMill.) forest populations have been investigateddepending on different altitude mountain. Therelationship between the photosynthesis (andbioproduction) of plants and the slope of the mountainis also specified according to ecological parameters(water regime and temperature. The aim of thisresearch is to define physiological status of forestmountain ecosystems in relation to the ecologicalconditions and predict further trend of geographic shiftof the habitats, which is in correlation with the plantmorpho-physiological adaptation responses onenvironmental changes. Photosynthetic activityduring vegetation season was stable or increased inoptimal level of soil moisture conditions. On thelocalities of Tara and Kopaonik the quantity ofatmospheric precipitation did not play a determiningrole in the dynamics of photosynthetic assimilation ofCO2. On these localities soil moisture was high andstable as a result of water running off fromsurrounding mountains. Detected differences in thedynamics of photosynthesis of the tested species areresult of various lifecycles of deciduous andconiferous trees and various physiological adaptationstrategies. The most influential effects on thedynamics of the photosynthesis of the beech, spruceand fir plants during the vegetation season were thefollowing abiotic factors: average air temperaturebefore measuring, temperature on the day ofmeasuring, eight-week amount of averageprecipitation before measuring, amount ofprecipitation on the day of measuring and soilhumidity. The analysis of the physiological parametersof the beech populations of various mountain altitudesshow that even if beech is sensitive to draught it hasthe physiological potential to keep its vitality byefficient managing water. Effect of climatic changeswill be more expressed in forests that can be found onhigh altitude mountain reefs and peaks. Beech foreststolerate temperature and drought stress, but longperiods of poor precipitation cause the decrease ofCO2 assimilation which consequently decreases theirimportance in the global reduction of atmosphericCO2, i.e. limits their role in the moderation of climatechange. |
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