Immune activation and cigarette smoke exposure as potential determinants of failure of haart in the setting of mother-to- child transmission
| Autor: | Makhubele, Tinyiko Game |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
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| Druh dokumentu: | Dissertation |
| Popis: | Persistent immune activation, even in the setting of virologically-suppressive HAART, is a hallmark of chronic immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) infection and a major force driving HIV-1 replication and progression to AIDS. Little is known about immune activation profiles and the effect of therapy in children infected with HIV-1 subtype C. The objectives of this study were to i) investigate and compare levels of circulating biomarkers of immune activation in a cohort of mothers (n=46) infected with HIV-1 subtype C relative to those of 20 healthy controls; ii) compare the biomarkers of immune activation between mothers and their HIV-infected children (n=46); iii) monitor the effects of virologically suppressive and non-suppressive HAART immune activation profiles in a subgroup of children (n=28) and iv) determine the effects of active smoking as well as maternal smoking on the biomarkers of immune activation in the mothers and their children, respectively. Multiplex bead array, ELISA and immunonephelometric procedures were used to measure plasma levels of the following biomarkers of immune activation: soluble CD14 (sCD14), beta 2 microglobulin (β2M), C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma (IFNγ), monokine induced IFNγ, IFNγ-inducible protein 10 (IP10), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), macrophage inflammatory protein α and β (MIP-1α and β), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-2 Ra), granulocyte- and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF), and several interleukins including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17. Relative to the healthy control subjects, almost all of the circulating biomarkers of immune activation, including sCD14, β2M, CRP, MIG, IP10, IFNγ, TNFα,TGFβ and several of the interleukins and colony stimulating factors, were elevated in the HIV-infected mothers (P=0.0346-P Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. tm2015 Immunology MSc Unrestricted |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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