晚明王學中「惡」的理論: The theory of evil in late Ming school of Wang Yangming's philosophy.
| Jazyk: | Chinese<br />English |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
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| Druh dokumentu: | Bibliografie |
| Popis: | Human nature is evil? Where does evil come from? How to get rid of evil? From Song Ming Neo-Confucianism to Contemporary New Confucianism, the main line of Confucian thought follows Mencius in stressing the goodness of human nature. According to Mencius, human nature has an innate faculty and tendency towards goodness, and that immorality could only be attributed to society’s influence. Accordingly, some scholars criticize Confucianism for being too optimistic and naive about human nature. That is especially a difficult question for the Wang Yangming’s scholars, who assert that not only xing性, but all yi意, zhi知, wu物, qing情, nian念 within the inner structure of xin心 are originally good and without evil. If this is the case, how come there is evil in reality? The aims of this paper are to elucidate the ideas of evil in late Ming school of Wang Yangming’s philosophy, and to articulate a systematic theory of evil in Confucianism. In brief, in Yangming’s view, evil arises from the part of yi意. The original activation of yi意 is nothing but the manifestation of xin心 and li理, it is the deviation, stagnation and attachment of yi意 that leads it to immorality. Wang Longxi and Luo Jinxi, the followers of Yangming, carry on Yangming’s view and hold that it is the stagnation and attachment of nian念 that make it an evil one. What is more interesting is that the cognitive part of xin心 would assist in the formation of evil. Furthermore, Luo Nianan’s ideas on evil are complementary to Longxi and Jinxi’ related theories. Nianan focuses on empty words as the result of the misused cognitive part of xin心, and regards it as a major wrongdoing of Confucian practitioners. Finally, Liu Jishan describes the misuse of the cognitive part of xin心as the problem of wang, and regards it as the deepest origin of evil. By doing so, Jishan clarifies the Confucian tradition that evil is rootless to its greatest extent. How Jishan’s masterpiece the schemata of humanity concludes different discussion of evil from previous Yangming’s scholars will also be discussed. By these discussions, the primary aim of this paper is to enrich our understanding of the theory of evil in Confucianism. Detailed summary in vernacular field only. Parallel title from added title page. Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-219). also in Chinese. Chen Zhiqiang. |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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