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The majority of software development projects, in particular the larger more complex ones, end in failure (The Standish group, 1994, 1998,2003,2009). There has been much discussion over the best approach to adopt in order to address this issue (Beck and Fowler, 2000; Boehm and Turner, 2003; Larman, 2004; Rico, 2008). Proponents of both Agile and Plan-Driven methods have put forward arguments supporting their particular preference. Agile software development methods such as Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum, Crystal, DSDM and Feature Driven Development (FDD) promise increased customer satisfaction, lower defect rates, faster development times, and a solution to rapidly changing requirements. Plan-driven approaches such as Waterfall, incremental, spiral, Rational Unified Process (RUP), the Personal Software Process (PSP), or methods based on the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), promise predictability, stability, and high assurance. However, both approaches have shortcomings that, if left unaddressed, can lead to project failure. One of the purposes of this study is based on Barry Boehm's (Boehm and Turner, 2003) risk-based framework of risk analysis by integrating each phase of the project life cycle with the risk process framework in an overall development strategy in order to convince the stakeholders what risk they should be aware of and getting their involvement in the early project risk assessment stage. This is an empirical survey-based study to identify the risk factors from the perspective of software practitioners who practice agile software development or/and plan-driven methods in software development projects. The study used a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the literature reviews, and an analysis of the key factors which caused IT project failures collected from the survey, this study proposes that the integrated risk analysis framework is an ideal tool of 6- Dimensional tool to define and address the risks associated with agile and plan-driven methods. The proposed framework also helps IT managers to manage risks and budgets for managing risks in order to make their projects successful. |
