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Eicosapentaenoic acid (ERA) is an w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with anti-inflammatory and anti-cachetic properties. These properties have not previously been investigated simultaneously with regards to skeletal muscle damage and regeneration and therefore the main aim of this work was to examine the possible protective effects of ERA during damage induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and TWEAK. Using an established model of myoblast differentiation, skeletal muscle cell differentiation was shown to be morphologically impaired by TNF-a and TWEAK. Formation of myotubes was restricted as shown by reduced myoblast fusion indices (Ml) and myotube widths. These effects were associated with TNF-a induced apoptosis. Both cytokines caused increased expression of pro-inflammatory gene targets of NF-KB activity; TNF-a and IL- 6 and in parallel, TNF-a treatment increased NF-KB activity and inhibited expression and activation of PPARy. EPA prevented the TWEAK /TNF-mediated loss of expression MyHC expression (reduced to 5-30% Ml) and significantly increased myogenic fusion (p |
