Assessment of silvicultural practices to improve survival and growth of pioneer and mid-successional hardwoods on old field restoration sites
| Autor: | Steele, Jason Keith |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: | |
| Druh dokumentu: | Dissertation |
| Popis: | Survival and growth of planted trees are common indices used to evaluate success of wetland restoration efforts used to compensate for wetland losses. Restoration efforts on marginal agricultural lands typically result in less than satisfactory survival and growth of desired tree species. This study evaluated seed source ecotype, greenhouse preconditioning and combinations of five mechanical site preparation techniques (mound, bed, rip, disk, pit), four levels of planting stock (gallon, tubeling, bare root, and direct seed), and three planting aids (mat, tube, none) on the survival and growth of American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and willow oak (Quercus phellos L.) planted on an old field riparian area in the Virginia Piedmont. American sycamore seedlings subjected to greenhouse flood preconditioning had 25% greater height and willow oak seedlings grown under normal greenhouse conditions had 18% greater diameter, but these greenhouse adaptations did not confer greater survivability or growth after field planting. American sycamore seeds sourced from dry ecotypes were 14% taller than wet ecotype seeds, and willow oak acorns sourced from wet ecotypes were 11% taller than dry ecotype acorns, indicating that parental ecotype may influence survivability and growth. The combination of mounding site preparation and gallon planting stock increased mean survival to 100% and aboveground dry biomass (5.44 Mg/ha/yr) in American sycamore. Willow oak had 45% greater woody stem volume with mounding site preparation 80% greater woody stem volume with gallon and bare root planting stock. Tubeling planting stock provided significant benefit relative to the low planting stock cost for American sycamore, while bare root seedlings were shown to be an effective planting stock for willow oak. The use of appropriate ecotype seed sources, use of mounding mechanical site preparation techniques and planting of species appropriate planting stock increased survival and growth of common early and mid-successional Piedmont tree species on marginal agricultural lands. Treatments that appear to be economically viable for restoration and mitigation efforts could potentially offer other economic incentives such as short rotation woody crops and timber value, which might induce additional private landowners to attempt restoration efforts in marginal old field riparian areas. Doctor of Philosophy In order to offset the loss of wetlands due to development, strategies are needed to create wetlands in areas along streams that are unfarmed. Survival and growth of planted trees are commonly used to evaluate the success of these new wetland areas. The goal of this research is to provide alternative methods to increase survival and growth of two common trees planted in the Piedmont of Virginia. The results show that creating mounds of soil before planting trees and planting larger trees will increase tree survival and growth in these wetland areas. Landowners and land managers can use these methods to increase the value of unfarmed land along streams while also increasing water quality and providing habitat animals that use the streams and wetlands. |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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