| Popis: |
As the electricity production utilizes more renewable resources it contributes to imbalances in the transmission grid. This creates a demand for frequency regulations, which the transmission system operator can solve by the procurance of ancillary services that counterbalance disturbances. This study focuses on the Frequency Containment Reserves - Disturbances (FCR-D) up and down services, which in this report utilizes electricity consumption regulation in ice rinks as a method of stabilizing the frequency. The objective of the study was to identify how the refrigeration system load varies in an indoor and outdoor ice rink, and to perform an economic estimation of how the variability could be utilized to contribute to the FCR-D market and create revenue. The study was performed by analyzing load data, potential bid volume and calculating the potential revenue with real data, as well as determining how the outdoor rink is affected by weather. The results indicate that the ice rinks have the greatest potential to generate revenue by participating in the FCR-D down market, as the electrical energy consumption can be increased during short time periods. The outdoor rink also has some economical potential on the FCR-D up market, but it is comparably small, and the indoor ice rink shows no significant value on this market. The outdoor ice rink’s bid volume is to some extent affected by temperature, and the revenue is most sensitive to changes in FCR-D pricing. Further investigations need to be executed before the ice rinks facilities can officially be connected to the FCR-D market. |
