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This thesis evaluates the energy system effects off co-localizing solar photovoltaics (PV) production with a filling station for compressed vehicle gas. A MATLAB model was constructed based on gas and electricity consumption data from three actual filling stations for vehicle gas in Sweden. The model was used to simulate how the introduction of a PV and PVB (photovoltaic battery) system would affect the amount of electricity bought from and sold to the grid as well as the economic implications connected to this. The results show that a self-consumption of 42 % can be reach already without available energy storage for an installed power of PV panels matching the power of the gas compressor. A battery storage with capacity corresponding to one hour of electricity generation doubles the self-consumption. The increased self-sufficiency has the potential to decrease the strain on the electricity grid, depending on spatial and temporal factors. The simplistic economic model in this project shows that the return of investment is just over 15 years for a PV system, and less than 21 years for a small battery storage with capacity to store less than one hour of electricity production, however, this should be examined in greater detail if the system is to be implemented. Since transport has an important societal function, the access to fuel is key from an energy security point of view. Filling stations require access to electricity to operate, meaning fuel can’t be obtained in case of an interruption. Therefore, the possibility of self-sufficiency during the summer months (May through September) through the added PVB system was evaluated, resulting in enough electric energy to supply 31 % of the current fuel volume supplied yearly at normal conditions. This corresponds to 145 tons of vehicle gas, which could power a private car around 3 220 000 kilometers. The connection between the electricity and transport sectors could be furthered integrated by installing the proposed system which turns the filling station into a prosumer, ideally with some opportunity of self-sufficiency if needed. The modelled filling station handles gaseous fuel, however the conceptual design applies also to liquid fuels. To cover an even larger portion of the fleet, charging of electric vehicles at the filling station could also be examined. |
