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Purpose: This degree project aims to see how the energy demand from active heating of detached houses can be improved to meet the energy performance requirements set for nearly zero-energy buildings by Boverket (The Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning). Method: To accomplish this, the benefits from two different energy-saving installations are studied: bedrock heat pumps and heat exchangers in Heat Recovery Ventilation Systems (HRV-systems). These are then compared in a new and an older detached house with very different heat losses. There are several reports of energy-saving systems in detached houses. What distinguishes this work is that it compares the specific results from the added energy-saving system depending on whether it was added first or last. The older detached house is an important part of this work as it represents a possible impact on parts of the existing housing stock with a similar technical standard. The energy balance for the buildings is calculated monthly with all contributions from passive heat considered, and with the energy demand for active heating as the main result. Results: It is very difficult to meet the energy performance requirements for an older detached house without extensive measures or renovations. The HRV-system had a low to very low impact. Both types of detached houses have a lot to gain from an investment in bedrock heating, especially the older one that has high energy demands. However, the new detached house with a higher technical standard in the building envelope, was the only one to meet the energy requirements with the bedrock heat pump on its own. Conclusion: Bedrock heating can be a very profitable investment as it provides heat both for the active heating of the building as well as for the domestic hot water. In order to meet tougher energy requirements, the bedrock heat pump may need to be accompanied by an improved and more energy-efficient building envelope and the supply of self-produced electricity, such as solar cells. HRV-systems require a good air tightness and an energy-efficient building envelope to be profitable. In older detached houses, it is not a profitable investment, as it does not have sufficiently large proportions of controlled ventilation to work with. In newer houses the proportion of controlled ventilation is bigger, but the amount of heat loss that can be affected is still not as big as the energy savings a bedrock heat pump can bring. |
