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The internationalization strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs) in emerging frontier markets in Africa (EFMA) have become a subject of growing interest due to the region's dynamic economic landscape and untapped potential. This study aims to identify the factors affecting MNCs' market selection and mode of entry into EFMA. Drawing from an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework was developed to guide the analysis. Empirical insights were gathered through case studies and institutional reports of diverse MNCs operating in EFMA. The results show a nuanced interaction between variables that affect MNCs' choices. Market potential emerges as the main factor influencing market choice, driven by a growing customer base and demand for products and services. The choice of market and the means of entrance are both influenced by the availability of resources, particularly raw materials and natural resources. A favorable regulatory environment that ensures transparency, consistency, and adherence to international standards is then shown to play a pivotal role. Results showcased that political stability, cultural adequacy, and social responsibility are crucial in mitigating risks and fostering sustainable relationships within EFMA. Findings also revealed that operational efficiency is significantly impacted by the quality of the infrastructure, which includes telecommunications, energy supply, and transportation. MNCs adopt diverse entry modes, such as joint ventures, acquisitions, and greenfield investments, tailored to specific market contexts. The research underscores the importance of a nuanced approach to navigating EFMA's challenges and opportunities that feed their motives. As a synthesis of academic literature and real-world insights, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted factors that MNCs consider when entering and operating in EFMA markets. The resulting findings provide useful information to practitioners, legislators, and scholars who are trying to understand the complexity of doing business internationally in emerging frontier markets in Africa. |
