| Popis: |
In connection with the property crises in many countries, caused by the financial crises, people are now more aware of the risks involved in poor property-investments. The unusually cold winters along with extreme prices of electricity in Sweden in recent years has also contributed to increased interest in energy-efficient buildings. The process of developing a modern family home in Kiruna, Sweden is presented the first part of this paper. The house has been designed to withstand very high stresses from snow, low energy consumption as well as a high standard of living comfort. Aspects of the house covered here involves everything from construction, heating and ventilation to sanitation. Each of these areas is presented based on their underlying, scientific methods or theories. The purpose of this approach is to enable that the results presented here can be used as reference in other housing projects. Non-standard solutions for some of the areas are used in the development of this house. One example of this is the use of Masonite beams, which proved to be very useful in the roofs and floor structure between the two levels of the house. The beams simplify access for ventilation pipes and waste water pipes, as well as the use of thick isolation. They also enable large spans. The second part of this paper involves small wind turbines designed not to require permission from the authorities. The wind conditions as well as the choice of a suitable wind turbine are investigated from a scientific and economic stand point. The results concluded that a vertical axis wind turbine is the better choice considering the limitations of rotor diameter along with the lower wind speeds in Kiruna. The final choice was a vertical axis wind turbine with 4 kW rated power. The yearly production of electricity is estimated to 4000 kWh, which was not enough to generate profit. In the last part the possibility of using a filtration system for electricity prices in the future is investigated. This is based on the developed house’s energy performance and the wind turbine’s production. The assumptions made is that the wind turbine is equipped with a large battery and that private individuals have access to the same kind of debiting system that companies in Sweden have today. The model used in this simulation is self-made and enables variable energy consumption for the house as well as variable energy production for the wind turbine to give a truthful representation of the variations which occur naturally during a year. The results concluded that there are profits to be made in the range of 10 % of the value of the wind turbine’s yearly production. |
