Protecting our beta-lactam antibiotic assets : structural investigation of beta-lactamases
| Autor: | King, Dustin T. |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Druh dokumentu: | Text |
| Popis: | Bacterial diseases have an enormous impact on human health. The most widespread class of human antibacterials is the β-lactams that target the transpeptidase activity of penicillin-binding proteins, which are responsible for cross-linking the peptidoglycan cell-wall. However, bacteria have gained resistance to all major classes of β-lactams. To protect the clinical utility of the β-lactams it is essential to understand the structural basis for this resistance. This thesis aims to better understand the molecular details governing extended-spectrum β-lactamase mediated β-lactam resistance, and to gain insights into inhibition of these emerging resistance factors. Recently, a novel resistance factor known as the New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 has been found to confer enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with nearly complete resistance to all β-lactams. The 2.1Å resolution crystal structure of K. pneumoniae holo-NDM-1 revealed an expansive active site, which we propose leads to a broader β-lactam substrate specificity. Furthermore, NDM-1 localizes to the bacterial outer-membrane by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The structural details underpinning the broad-spectrum resistance of NDM-1 was further investigated by analysis of the protein in complex with hydrolyzed β-lactams as well as bound to the inhibitor L-captopril. An analysis of the NDM-1 active site in these structures reveals key features important for the informed design of novel inhibitors of NDM-1 and other metallo-β-lactamases. The novel diazabicyclooctane (DBO) avibactam inhibits a wider range of serine β-lactamases than has been previously observed with clinical β-lactamase inhibitors. To understand the molecular basis and spectrum of inhibition by avibactam, we provide structural and mechanistic analysis of the compound in complex with important class A and D serine β-lactamases. A kinetic analysis of key active-site mutants for class A β-lactamase CTX-M-15 allows us to propose a validated mechanism for avibactam-mediated β-lactamase inhibition including a unique role for S130, which acts as a general base. We then show that avibactam derivatives retain β-lactamase inhibitory properties but also exhibit considerable antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant bacteria via targeting penicillin-binding proteins. Our results provide evidence that structure-activity relationship studies for the purposes of drug discovery must consider both β-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins as targets. Medicine, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Graduate |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
| Externí odkaz: |
|