Environmental Assessment of the Synergistic Effect of Electric Vehicle Policy and Energy Policy
| Autor: | Chia-Yun Chiang, 江佳芸 |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Druh dokumentu: | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Popis: | 107 Air pollution is a serious problem because it increases human mortality, respiratory diseases, and external costs. Among all the air contaminants, people concern PM2.5 the most since it causes heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and acute upper respiratory tract infection. As a result, governments have been putting efforts on making air pollution control policies. There are two kinds of air pollution control policies where one controls mobile sources and another controls stationary sources. To reduce mobile air pollution, publishing an electric vehicle policy is the emerging strategy used by many governments. This is because that electric vehicle not only reduces mobile air pollution, but also increases energy efficiency and energy security, and reduces noises and greenhouse gases. To reduce stationary air pollution, energy policies and energy structures are the two main focuses of many governments. Additionally, Energy Transition is a global trend since mitigating climate change is a global consensus. As a result, governments want to improve clean energy technologies to build a low-carbon economy. Despite electric vehicle policies and energy policies have the possibilities of reducing air pollution, there will be unexpected results if governments do not take synergistic effects on policies into consideration. Synergistic effects on policies might increase the total benefits of whole society. Or, two policies might interfere with each other and fail to reach the original targets. According to above reasons, this research focuses on the synergistic effects between electric vehicle policies and energy policies. The research method is described as follow. First, we simulated policy effects and technologies transformation on the whole economy by using E3ME model and FTT model. Second, we simulated the PM2.5 concentration distribution by using CMAQ model and AERMOD model combined with Pollutant Offset Ratio. Third, we calculated the risk of mortality by using human health risk assessment. Finally, we discussed the synergistic effects on policies under different scenarios. The result shows that, when electric vehicle policies are applied, the reduction of the risk of mortality caused by PM2.5 from mobile sources is much higher than the increasement of the risk of mortality caused by PM2.5 from stationary sources. The above statement is true no matter which energy scenario it is. Therefore, electric vehicle policies lead to a reduction of the risk of mortality. At the same time, no matter in which spatial scale (e.g. country scale, county scale and township scale), electric vehicle policies always bring positive effects. The significant difference is that the speed of reduction is different between counties and between years. For example, based on the current energy policies (N0R1), we compared the scenario that has electric vehicle policy with the one without electric vehicle policy, then we discovered that the top counties with highest risk reduction are: Kaohsiung City, New Taipei City, Taichung City, Tainan City and Taipei City. This ranking changes in other energy scenarios (N0R0/N1R0/N1R1). In conclusion, the result of this research suggests that decision makers should consider the policy synergistic effects and take both the time scale and the spatial scale into consideration to make more comprehensive policy decisions. |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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