Finding the difference of physiological signals between youth and old group during cycling exercise
| Autor: | Ching-Ting Tseng, 曾敬婷 |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Druh dokumentu: | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Popis: | 106 Aging induces systemic deterioration (eg. Muscle, cardiovascular, nervous system, and so on), such as decreasing cognitive function, increasing risk of suffering neurodegenerative diseases, diminishing muscle power, lessening vascular elasticity. Exercise can improve systemic amelioration, and the changes in nerves, muscle, and cardiac circulatory system can be detected by EEG, EMG, and ECG signals respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in these physical signals between the elder and the young, and the young regular and occasional exercisers. We recruited 31 elders and 50 young people, which includes 23 people occasionally exercised and 27 regularly exercised. All subjects were required to finished 3-stage cycling with loading increased between stages. There were 5 minutes in each stage. Subjects would be asked to rest with eyes open 5 minutes before and after cycling. During cycling, the EEG, ECG, and EMG signals would be recorded. We selected 9 EEG channels that were C3, C4, Cz, F3, F4, Fz, P3, P4 and Pz. Moreover, EMG sensors were placed on the right quadriceps femoris muscle. Then, those signals were analyzed by the following approaches. We calculated the heart rate, average-to-maximal heart rate ratio, DFA-alpha, and cardiac stress index of ECG signals, computed root mean square, median frequency, and standard deviation of frequency distribution of EMG signals, and applied linear (wavelet transformation) and nonlinear (fractal dimension, sample entropy) algorithms to EEG signals in order to examine the brain activity changes. The results of EMG showed that the root mean square of EMG power was higher in young regular exercise group than in young occasional exercise group, and was higher in young group than in elder group. Median frequency decreased faster in young regular exercise group than in occasional one, which might be associated with greater loading of young regular exercisers. As the results of ECG showed, the young occasional exercise group had higher resting heart rate than in the young regular exercise group, and the young group is higher than in the elder group. Moreover, DFA-alpha decreasing and cardiac stress index increasing were observed in the elder and young occasional exercise groups. In addition, the results of EEG showed that the elder had more complicate signals but not significant than the young, which was consistent with previous studies. The main differences in the complexity of EEG signals between young occasional and regular exercisers were in the exercise stage. During that stage, the young occasional group had more complicate signals than the other group. Furthermore, the normalized power raised as loading and duration increasing in all groups. The value of normalized power was lower in the elder group than in the young group, and was higher in the young occasional exercise group than in the young regular exercise group. In conclusion, heart rate and muscle power could be used to assess physical conditions in exercise, and the normalized power of EEG could detect the changes in brain activity between different loading level. Moreover, even though the elder and young occasional exerciser had similar pattern in those physical signals, they were still different types. Therefore, the patterns of physical signals during exercising of young occasional exerciser could not be used to simulate the elder. In addition, based on the understanding of the physical signals of the elder during exercising in the present study, we plan to examine the changes in physical signals before and after their motor training in the future. |
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