The Study on Taichung City government's Land Equalization Fund

Autor: Yen-Fei Chen, 陳彥妃
Rok vydání: 2018
Druh dokumentu: 學位論文 ; thesis
Popis: 106
The Land Equalization Fund is a special fund by The Enforcement Rules of Equalization of Land Rights Act in 1977, which is a specific source of income for the equalization of land rights. In the classification of the Budget Act, it belongs to the Operations Funds. Therefore, it is supposed to be recovered fully and nonprofit operating. Besides, it is eligible for special funds which are independent and beneficial owner charge. Since the equalization of land rights is considered as local autonomy affairs, the fund is set up in municipalities and counties (cities), and the scope of application is mainly based on the procedures for “Purchase of Lands”, “Urban Land Consolidation”, and “Zone Expropriation”. The section is levied and the funds are recovered via the land processing income and the surplus after the financial settlement. In 1990, the Ministry of the Interior held a national land conference to conclude the “Public Land Baking System”. It makes the “Urban Land Consolidation” and the “Zone Expropriation” the main core of the implementation of the “Land Equalization Fund”. The government is able to utilize public facilities and available building lands freely. Not only it saves the public expenditure, but also release land at an appropriate time to achieve the effect of curbing land speculative price increases and balancing the supply of real estate to the market. However, it has become an important financial source for local autonomies to solve those difficulties after deviating from the policy. In the past, the planning of the “Urban Land Consolidation” and the “Zone Expropriation”, which coincided with the prosperity of the real estate market made a profit to the “Land Equalization Fund”. Moreover, it derived the virtual budget of profits to be paid to the treasury, improper secondment and improper expenditure, etc. have been criticized for speculative land funds, underground vaults, and ATMs. In the past, Taichung City government’s Land Equalization Fund had promoted the prosperity of its municipal construction. Furthermore, it breaks its financial independence operation records and is being well-known of that. This study explores the degree of achievement of the implementation of Taichung City government’s Land Equalization Fund and its operational benefits via literature analysis, secondary data analysis, and in-depth interviews. In the assessment of the achievement of the purpose, the in-depth interviews were carried out and the comprehensive indicators of the audit department, the business plan achievement indicators and the operating income and expenditure execution indicators were analyzed. The research found that the operation of the fund has its drawbacks still, such as improper fund scheduling and lack of assessment mechanism and has to be improved. However, from the perspective of but from the implementation of business revenue and expenditure, the overall purpose is in line with the purpose. In the achievement of the effect of the “maximum utilization of the land” and the “revenue of the land will return to the public”, the Equalization of Land Rights only exists in theory, later researcher is full of different opinions on its meaning, connotation, execution, and principles. Therefore, the fund is easy to have different opinions base of the positions that is difficult to determine the degree of achievement, especially in “the revenue of the land will return to the public”. However, this study believes that the purpose of “Urban land Consolidation” and “Zone Expropriation” is to achieve the “maximum utilization of the land” and “profit of the land shall be returned to the public” as public construction or social welfare use. It will achieve the spirit of the “maximum utilization of the land” and the “revenue of the land will return to the public”, based on the position of the taxpayer. In the case of the position, it is in line with the Essence and Establishment of the land rights and “equal” opportunities. Under the current situation, the actual implementation has the excessive attention to land development and financial effects which is impossible to curb the speculative price increase of the land. Therefore, it is difficult to make the conclusion that it has received the fruits of the equalization of land rights. Although the Land Equalization Fund has reached self-sufficiency and complete recovery of capital, the fund’s accounting method is prone to the residual illusion of underestimation of expenditure and overestimation of income in the analysis of financial indicators. The operation also has resulted in bureaucratic and representative government issues. Not only the budget is the virtual base of a budgetary balance, but also there is a phenomenon of floating subsidies, and the continuous increase in the number of payables due to deposits, the excessive concentration of subsidy review power and the waste of resources have impeded the operation of the fund in the future. There is no such research on the implementation of the Land Equalization Fund in the academic field at present. In addition to record the operation mode of the average land rights fund in Taichung City, this study can be observed the local government’s response behavior under the central and local coordination of financial difficulties as well. At the end of the study, seven policy recommendations were proposed, including the central government should establish supporting control measures and policy positioning, the local should verify the budget for the deposit, set the standard for fund subsidies and official projects, and effectively review the fund''s consolidation, the necessity of implementing the business and the timing of land release, the introduction of tracking control or the purchase and purchase system to avoid land idleness, etc., can provide the solution for operational difficulties of the fund. Key words：The Land Equalization Fund；equalization of land rights；urban land consolidation；zone expropriation；Operations Funds；local finance；Bureaucratic
Databáze: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations
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