Assessments of Human Enteric Viruses in Raw Sewage and Activated Sludge
| Autor: | Chen, Liang-Zhi, 陳良誌 |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Druh dokumentu: | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Popis: | 103 Human enteric viruses (e.g., adenovirus, enterovirus, and hepatitis A virus) presented in municipal wastewater would often be incorporated in discharged water, recycled water, or wasted activated sludge eventually. In spite of potential public health risk, these enteric viruses still have seldom been monitored for wasted sludge or treated sewage. This study was aimed to survey viral diversity as well as seasonal and geological distribution and quantification of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in raw sewage (RS) and activated sludge (AS) from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons. Viral RNA and DNA were extracted for metagenomic analyses and target hexon gene fragments (~140bps) were amplified for further analyzing HAdV serotypes and sequence statistics. Shot-gun metagenomic sequencing results showed that 165 different virus types were identified belonging to 27 families including HAdV-D, norovirus, hepatitis C virus and ratavirus. Highthrough put results indicated that most of sequences were identifcal to species F serotype 41. A total of 78,147 sequence types were matched F41 serotype while 3,298 and 277 sequence types for D and C species, relatively. Few nucleotide base variations were found between different sequence types of the same HAdV species. Based on UniFrac analyses, seasonal and geological differences were not significant. Furthermore, quantitative results of real-time PCR assay for all HAdV species and HAdV F41 were ranged from 2.5×103 to 3.4×107 and 3.1×103 to 1.1×107 viral particles/L, respectively. This study demonstrated RS and AS samples contained some viruses and gene sequences for same species were quite diverse. |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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