Age and exercise effects on brain angiogenic pathway and inflammatory factors

Autor: Jo-Ping Lee, 李若屏
Rok vydání: 2010
Druh dokumentu: 學位論文 ; thesis
Popis: 98
Purposes: Study I was to examine the time-course changes in brain angiogenic mechanism during 2-week exercise; study II to determine acute exercise effect on brain angiogenic mechanism for the middle-aged; and study III to investigate the effect of 2-week exercise on brain angiogenic mechanism. Methods: Study I recruited 3 months old male SD rats to 14-day swimming exercise for 90 minutes/day. Tissues from motor cortex and hippocampus were collected pre-exercise (n=6) and after 1 hour post-exercise at day 1(n=6), day 7 (n=6) and day 14 (n=6). Study II assigned 3 and 12 months old male SD rats to young control (YC, n=6), young exercise (YE, n=6), old control (OC, n=6) and old exercise (OE, n=6) groups. Tissues were collected within 1 hour after one single-bout swimming for 90 minutes. Study III included the same group design as Study II and tissues were collected on the next day after 2-week swimming program. Measurements included capillary density, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (Flk-1), VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), Tie2, eNOS, receptor for AGE (RAGE), macrophage marker (CD68), superoxide dismutae (SOD1) and glucose transportor-1 (GLUT1). Results: Study I founded that VEGF, Ang1 and eNOS expression were significantly higher post exercise at day 1 and then returned to pre-exercise level. Their receptors were significantly higher post exercise at day 1 or 7 and then remained to day 14. CD68 was significantly higher post exercise during day 1 to 14. Capillary density in motor cortex was significantly lower post exercise at day 7 and then returned at day 14. For hippocampus, VEGF, Flt-1 and Ang1as well as SOD1, CD68 and GLUT1 were significantly higher post exercise at day 1 and then returned to pre-exercise level. No significant changes in capillary density were noted in hippocampus during 2-week exercise. Study II founded that significantly higher SOD1 was noted in OC motor cortex and hippocampus than YC. Also, higher Flk-1 mRNA and the protein expression of Flt-1, eNOS, Ang1 and CD68 were noted only in OC motor cortex than YC but not hippocampus. No significantly difference of angiogenic and inflammatory factors was noted between OE and OC. Study III denoted that no significantly difference of most angiogenic and inflammatory factors in both brain areas was found between YE and YC after 2-week exercise. The same results came to the comparison between OE and OC. Only significantly greater CD68 was founded in YE and OC motor cortex comparing to YC as well as in OE hippocampus comparing to OC. Further, capillary density in YE motor cortex and hippocampus were significantly higher than YC. Meanwhile, CD31-positive stain tended to be higher in OE than OC. Only for hippocampus, both AP and CD31-positive stains were significantly lower in OC comparing to YC. Conclusions: These findings suggested that 2-week swimming exercise with 90 minutes per day may cause turnover in vascular network. Angiogenic factors in hippocampus had rapid adaptation rather than motor cortex in response to exercise, while the early onset of degeneration in vascular network was noted in hippocampus prior to motor cortex. Additionally, 2-week swimming exercise can enhance angiogenesis for young brain and might have positive effect on vascular structure for middle-aged.
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