Electrical transport of semiconducting nanostructures and impact of nanocontact on nanoelectronics
| Autor: | Lin, Yen-Fu, 林彥甫 |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Druh dokumentu: | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Popis: | 98 Various semiconductor nanowires have been synthesized by using either physical or chemical growth methods in the past decades. These nanowires applied to single electron transistors, field-effect transistors, optoelectronics, and nanoelectronics through top-down or bottom-up assembling approaches has been immediately demonstrated. Because of most nanoscale electronics having two-probe configuration as the source and drain electrodes, identification and determination of intrinsic electrical properties of nanowires and the contribution of nanocontact through a systematic procedure of this two-probe approach become very important. Although a lot of two-probe nanoelectronics and applications have been demonstrated in previous reports, the electrical properties bringing either from the nanocontacts or from the nanowires have not been uncovered clear yet. In this work, a two-probe technique was adopted to explore electrical properties of ZnO, InP, GaP nanowires and polyaniline nanofibers. The first portion of this work is to utilize high quality ZnO nanowires to fabricate two-probe nanodevices and to survey the impact of nanocontact on nanowire based nanoelectronics. According to temperature behaviors of current-voltage curves and resistances, the devices could be grouped into three types, including two Ohmic contacts, one Ohmic and one Schottky contacts, and two back-to-back Schottky contacts. The nanocontact could be treated as disordered system and be explained by Mott variable range hopping model for electrons of the form. The exponential parameters of Mott variable range hopping theory rises from 2 to 4 with an increase of specific contact resistivity at room temperature, implying a change from one- to three-dimensional hopping. Moreover, after understanding how to distinguish the nanowire- and contact-dominated nanodevices, we demonstrate that the two-probe measurement can be applied to the exploration of the intrinsic properties of semiconductor nanowires. This two-probe measurement approach also works on highly resistive nanowires without an Ohmic contact issue. By using this method, electron transport behaviors, resistivity, and carrier concentrations of ZnO, InP, and GaP semiconductor nanowires have been investigated. The interface problems in nanowire-based electronics play important roles due to the reason that the reduced contact area in nanoelectronics multiplies enormously the contribution of electrical contact properties. The second portion is to illustrate the sensitivity difference in response to light and oxygen gas between the nanowire- and contact-dominated InP nanowire devices. By using a standard electron-beam lithography technique, two-probe InP nanowire devices were fabricated. Although the InP were picked up from the same source sample and the dimensions of the nanowires and nanodevices were also kept the same, the room-temperature resistance of these devices varied considerably. It was conjectured the difference of room-temperature comes from the contribution of contact resistance. According to the temperature behaviors, the nanowire devices can be categorized into nanowire- and contact-dominated ones. The temperature dependent resistances follow the thermally activated and three-dimensional Mott variable range hopping transport at high and low temperatures, respectively. Both nanowire- and contact-dominated devices were exposed to light and oxygen gas to see any difference. In comparison with the nanowire-dominated devices, the contact-dominated InP nanowire devices always exhibit a much higher ratio of resistance changes in response to either light or oxygen gas exposures. The last portion of this work is to study the electrical transport of polyaniline nanofibers. Polyaniline nanofibers were synthesized by using polymerization at the interface of immiscible solvents. They exhibit a uniform nanoscale morphology rather than agglomeration with granular structures as that produced via conventional chemical oxidation. The as-synthesized polyaniline nanofibers are doped (dedoped) with an HCl acid (NH3 base) and their temperature behaviors of resistances all follow an exponential function with an exponent of T-1/2. To achieve the measurement of conduction mechanism in a single nanofiber, the dielectrophoresis technique is implemented to position nanofibers on top of and across two Ti/Au electrodes patterned by electron-beam with a nanogap of 100-200 nm. Their temperature behaviors and electric field dependences are unveiled and the experimental results agree well with the theoretical model of charge-energy-limited-tunneling. Through fitting to this transport model, the size of conductive grain, the separation distance between two-grains, and the charging energy per grain in a single polyaniline nanofiber are estimated to be about 5 nm, 3 nm, and 78 meV, respectively. This nanotechnological approach has been applied to determination of mesoscopic charge transport in the polyaniline conducting polymer. |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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