Establishing and verifying place attachment scale of national parks in Taiwan
| Autor: | Chien-Yau Lin, 林建堯 |
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| Druh dokumentu: | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Popis: | 97 Place attachment is a multi-dimensional and composite concept. It represents a positive relationship or connection between an individual and a specific place. Place attachment is a very popular research subject in recent years, but researchers continuously have different opinions about the dimensions of place attachment. Besides, place attachment scales are often translated directly from foreign countries, and as a result, their item contents are questionable and need to be further discussed. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to follow the scale development procedure and develop a domestic place attachment scale that targets the National Parks in Taiwan, which are most diverse natural recreation areas in the country. This study first defined the concept of place attachment by literature reviews, and then collected attachment related phrases regarding Taiwan’s National Parks through qualitative interviews. A total of 489 attachment related phrases or behavioral concepts were collected and divided into 196 sub-categories, then finally transformed into an item pool containing 71 National Park place attachment related items. Secondly, these 71 items were reduced to 62 items after their effectiveness were carefully examined by experts, and then combined as a pre-test survey for sampling in each National Park. A total of 568 effective surveys were collected, and after statistic verification, 29 items remained as the test content of the formal survey, and four dimensions were extracted initially. The formal survey based on these items was sampled in six National Parks, and 2090 effective surveys were collected. After item analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, 15 items regarding National Park place attachment were obtained, and they represented four dimensions of feeling convergency of place, Spirit utility of place, Indigenous identity of place, and Resources importance of place. Finally, this study evaluated and compared the best scale model and discovered that both first level correlated factors model and second level hierarchical model had passed all the examination for goodness-of-fit index, but the higher level model fit better with the simple effect principle. Therefore, second level hierarchical model was the best model. Two different sample groups were then chosen for cross-validation in order to seek a more constant scale model. To this point, all the scale development procedure and examination were complete, and established that the place attachment scale of Taiwan’s National Parks is a second level hierarchical model, four dimensional scale with 15 items. The motive of this study is different from the horizontal verification of past researches, but rather examines the place attachment concept of a single place through vertical in depth methods, and establishes that using qualitative method of finding emotional phrases to quantitative technique of examining effectiveness of dimensions and items is very practical. The four dimensions and items this study developed showed domestic and national awareness, which sets it apart from other scales. This scale implied more evaluation ideas, and made it easier to focus on reflecting emotions from the psychological level. Therefore, this scale can better describe the psychological feelings, and effectively examine the concept of National Park place attachment. It can be used in the policy making and overall review stages of the National Parks in the future, and use visitor’s place attachment level to achieve the goal of self-examination of the management unit. |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
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