Effects of Vitamins and Minerals on the Immune Responses of Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis Mossambicus) Macrophages and Peripheral Blood Monocytes

Autor: Shao-Wen Hung, 洪紹文
Rok vydání: 2007
Druh dokumentu: 學位論文 ; thesis
Popis: 95
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of singular or combined the anti-oxidative vitamins (A, C, and E) and/or minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) on the immune functions of hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus, peripheral blood monocyte-derived, anterior kidney-derived, and spleen-derived macrophages. Results from our in vitro study indicated that an optimal dose of vitamins and minerals increased cell proliferation and lysozyme activity. On the other hand, the above activities decreased at the high doses of combined vitamins (A + C + E group, each 300 μg/mL) or singular minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe groups, each 200, 800 or 1,000 μg/mL). Interestingly, we found that combining two of the aforementioned vitamins (A + C, A + E, and C + E groups, each 100 μg/mL) was able to prolong cell proliferative time up to 72 h compared with singular vitamin addition. The results of the phagocytosis assay showed that there was no difference between 100 μg/mL vitamin-treated or 40 μg/mL minerals-treated macrophages. Before or after adding vitamins or minerals during infection, addition of vitamins decreased the percentage of dead cells and a greater effect was observed for mineral (each 40 or 80 μg/mL) and vitamin (each 100 μg/mL) combinations. At the same time, we found that a low dose of vitamins increased nitric oxide production and decrease superoxide production, but high dose of vitamins decreased superoxide and nitric oxide production. Furthermore, minerals also decreased nitric oxide production at concentrations of 40, 80, 200, 800 or 1,000 μg/mL. The threshold concentrations for cell death by necrosis and/or apoptosis were more than 1,000 and 800 μg/mL for vitamins and minerals, respectively. In conclusion, appropriate concentration of vitamins or minerals can increase tilapia macrophage immunity; nevertheless, extreme concentrations of vitamins or minerals are lethal to cells. In the in vivo study, an optimal dose of vitamins and/or minerals in diets increased macrophage proliferation and protective activity, maintained macrophage viability, increased body weight and length, and increased lysozyme activity; however, at improper doses and combinations of vitamins or minerals a decrease was observed. Furthermore, vitamins and/or minerals at any doses and combinations in diets decreased superoxide and nitric oxide production. Therefore, appropriate doses and combinations of vitamins and/or minerals in diets may increase tilapia macrophages immunity.
Databáze: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations