Ⅰ.An effective one-trap-level TCAD model for proton-induced semi-insulating substrates rendered by the general SOC integration platform: Particle-Beam Stand (PBS)Ⅱ.A preliminary research on the possible physical mechanism of the Kirlian Photography

Autor: Cheng-Hsing Hsu, 許正興
Rok vydání: 2005
Druh dokumentu: 學位論文 ; thesis
Popis: 93
Ⅰ.A π technology (PEI = particle-enhanced isolation) had previously been proposed to employ energetic proton beams on the already-manufactured mixed-mode (analog-digital) IC wafers (prior to packaging) for the suppression of undesirable substrate coupling. Results of an improvement of 25-30 dB in noise coupling reduction and a great enhancement of 100-300 % on Q values of on-chip inductors had also been reported. Today, continued evaluations of this π technology have persuaded some chipmakers into realizing a new VLSI back-end facility: the particle-beam stand (PBS), which may ultimately become the general SOC (system-on-a-chip) integration platform. However, up to this day the physics behind such proton-caused defect phase has not been properly addressed. Thus, in this work, an effective 1-level defect model is constructed by fitting the existing single-trap-level theory with experimentally obtained parameters and those from numerical simulations of the SRIM (The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) (or previously, TRIM -- the Transport of Ions in Matter) code, a charged-particle stopping-power calculation program. It is realized that, more than being simple traps of charge carriers, these proton-created defects are also intrinsically charged (carrying +e or -e) and thus all are contributing to the Rutherford-like scattering of the then remaining free charge carriers. The calculated effective single trap level (ET) is shown to be about +0.24 eV in n-Si and -0.34 eV in p-Si, measuring from center of the energy band-gap. Ⅱ.In the early days of the 20th century, Russian scientist Kirlian and his wife discovered a new kind of photography, commonly known as the Kirlian Photography. By displaying bright halo or glow around objects taken, it further claimed to be capable of revealing the energy patterns emitted by human bodies for medical and psychological purposes. For Kirlian photography, maybe the most amazing demonstration by far is known as the “phantom-leaf” experiment. Namely, a leaf with portions of it cut off appeared in the photography as a whole leaf intact. Up to this day, however, the mechanism(s) behind Kirlian photography has never been certain. Some claimed that due to the constant release of various types of molecules from human body, the high-voltage, high-frequency electric field used in the Kirlian exposure accelerated and ionized these molecules to generate radiations which in turn contributed to the observed halo. Others argued instead that the Kirlian phenomena were the mere result of interactions between the applied AC electric field and bio-plasma (or bio-energy field) of human body. Other than the above two opposing conjectures, it was noticed that nonliving objects, such as a key or coin, also gave out Kirlian halos, and so far no satisfactory explanation has been given for that. On the application front, however, researches conducted over the last several decades worldwide, unfortunately, have only led to more divided opinions over the role played by the Kirlian photography. Some have allegedly confirmed beyond doubt that Kirlian photography has recorded the bio-energy distribution around human body and provided a very comprehensive image of the functioning of the entire mind-body system. In fact, there are already many applications of it, including: measuring the life-force in seeds and plants, detecting illness before physical symptoms appear, investigating residual toxic effects of drug addiction, assessing psychological compatibility between two people, evaluating the ability of a therapist to activate the self-healing processes in a patient, and for use in conjunction with other therapies such as acupuncture, homoeopathy and spiritual healing, as a cross check to the effectiveness of the methods, to name just a few, even though its physical mechanism was never made clear. On the other side, there are strong opinions claiming that the whole Kirlian phenomena could just be a manifestation of the unstable air or water vapor corona discharge, in addition to the fact that the results are simply not repeatable. Under such circumstances, this thesis work aimed to conduct several preliminary experiments concerning scientific inspection into the frequency aspects of the Kirlian phenomena, disregarding its functions, effectiveness as well as aesthetics.
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