Investigations of Source and Characteristics of PM2.5 in Kaohsiung City
| Autor: | Chu-fu Lin, 林鉅富 |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Druh dokumentu: | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Popis: | 87 According to the research of fine particle, the daily death of human is related to the fine suspended particles. The reason is that fine particle PM2.5(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm) is much easier to get into the respiratory organs deeply of human body than coarse particle PM10(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm). Thus fine particle is more dangerous to the human health, and many researches of PM2.5 are currently underway. The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics and the sources of PM2.5 in Kaohsiung area. Three monitoring stations Shiugang, Chianjen and Tzuoying in Kaohsiung city, were chosen as sampling sites for collecting the particulates from February to March 1999. Three stations collect particulates at the same time and the collection time is 12 hours. The samples were analyzed for ions which are soluble in water, elemental carbon and organic carbon, and metallic constituents. The Enrichment Factor Analysis was employed to identify major sources qualitatively and further quantitative source apportionment were estimated with Chemical Mass Balance receptor model. In addition, the particulate emissions from the traffic tunnels, paved roads, municipal incinerator and sea water near the sampling sites were sampled and analyzed in order to provide the local source profiles for receptor model. The results showed that average mass concentrations of PM2.5 at Shiugang, Chianjen and Tzuoying were 53.68μg/m3, 42.69μg/m3 and 48.19 μg/m3 respectively. The distributions of PM2.5 concentrations were very close in three sampling sites, it means that the distribution of PM2.5 was uniform in Kaohsiung city. The results of analysis of soluble ions showed that the ratios of anion to cation were ranged from 0.9~1.2, and the concentrations of soluble ions occupied 17%~23% of mass concentration. The most abundant species in PM2.5 were NO3-, SO42-, NH4+ and total carbon. The ratios of organic carbon to elemental carbon were ranged from 1.24~5.05. In addition, the concentrations of PM2.5 of night are generally higher than day. The condition may result from the accumulation of secondary pollutants and emission of the factory at night. Results of CMB modeling indicated that the main sources for fine particles PM2.5 in Tzuoying were vehicle exhaust (45%), secondary pollutants of SO42-(14%), secondary pollutants of NO3-(16%), outdoor burning (13%), marine aerosol(4%), fugitive dust, OC, cement industry and petroleum industry(2%). Chianjen were vehicle exhaust (18%), secondary pollutants of SO42-(22%), secondary pollutants of NO3-(19%), outdoor burning (17%), marine aerosol(4%), fugitive dust(17%), and petroleum industry(3%). Shiugang were vehicle exhaust (54%), secondary pollutants of SO42-(15%), secondary pollutants of NO3-(12%), outdoor burning (17%), cement industry(1%) and limekiln(1%). |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
| Externí odkaz: |
|