Profilaxis de la infección por aspergillus con anfotericina b nebulizada en pacientes trasplantados pulmonares

Autor: Monforte Torres, Víctor
Jazyk: španělština
Rok vydání: 2005
Předmět:
Zdroj: TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa).
Druh dokumentu: Doctoral Thesis
Popis: Esta tesis se compone de dos articulos:1.Profilaxis con anfotericina B nebulizada contra la infección por Aspergillus en el trasplante de pulmón: Estudio de factores de riesgo. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001;20: 1274-1281.Introducción: La infección por Aspergillus spp. permanece como una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en el trasplante de pulmón (TP). Algunas estrategias de profilaxis han sido ensayadas. Una de ellas es la anfotericina B nebulizada (nAB). Sin embargo, la eficacia de esta profilaxis no ha sido claramente demostradas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la profilaxis con nAB puede proteger contra la infección por Aspergillus spp. en los receptores de TP.Pacientes y métodos: Un estudio de factores de riesgo fue realizado en 55 pacientes con TP. 22 potenciales factores de riesgo fueron analizados. En 44 (80%) de los pacientes la nAB fue indicada como profilaxis. Se realizó un estudio multivariante utilizando regresión logística.Resultados: Dieciocho de 55 pacientes (33%) desalloraron infección por Aspergillus spp. El análisis multivariante mostró que la nAB es un factor protector (odds ratio: 0,13; intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 0,02-0,69; p< 0,05) y la enfermedad por citomegalovirus (CMV) fue un factor independiente de riesgo para desarrollar infeccion por Aspergillus spp. (odds ratio:5,1; CI95%: 1,35-19,17; p
Esta tesis se compone de dos artículos:1.J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001 Dec;20(12):1274-81.Nebulized amphotericin B prophylaxis for Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation: study of risk factors.Monforte V, Roman A, Gavaldà J, Bravo C, Tenorio L, Ferrer A, Maestre J, Morell F.BACKGROUND: Aspergillus infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Therefore, some strategies have been attempted, one of which is nebulized amphotericin B (nAB); however, the efficacy of this prophylaxis has not been shown clearly. The aim is to study whether nAB can protect against Aspergillus infection in lung transplant recipients.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study of risk factors was conducted in 55 consecutive lung allograft recipients. Twenty-three potential risk factors were analyzed. In 44 (80%) patients, nAB was indicated as prophylaxis. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 55 patients (33%) developed infection due to Aspergillus spp. Multivariate analysis showed nAB to be a preventive factor (odds ratio: 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.69; p < 0.05) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease was an independent risk factor for developing Aspergillus infection (odds ratio: 5.1; 95% CI 1.35-19.17; p < 0.05). Only 1 patient required withdrawal of the prophylaxis owing to bronchospasm. nAB was well-tolerated in the remaining patients with only a few, mild, easily controlled side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The present results show that nAB prophylaxis may be efficient and safe in preventing Aspergillus infection in lung-transplanted patients, and CMV disease increases the probability of Aspergillus infection.2.Transplantation. 2003 May 15;75(9):1571-4.Nebulized amphotericin B concentration and distribution in the respiratory tract of lung-transplanted patients.Monforte V, Roman A, Gavaldà J, López R, Pou L, Simó M, Aguadé S, Soriano B, Bravo C, Morell F.BACKGROUND: A criticism of using nebulized amphotericin B (nAB) as prophylaxis against Aspergillus infection after lung transplantation is the lack of knowledge of its pharmacokinetics and distribution in the lung. The aim of this study was to ascertain the concentrations and distribution of nAB in the respiratory tract of patients receiving lung transplantations.METHODS: In the drug-concentration study, 120 bronchoscopies were performed in 39 patients receiving lung transplantions after administration of 6 mg of nAB once daily for a minimum of 7 days. Mean nAB concentration in bronchial aspirated secretions (BAS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was determined at 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours postnebulization. In the distribution study, 17 patients inhaled 6 mg of 99m technetium-labeled AB, and pulmonary distribution was measured using a gamma camera. Pulmonary perfusion was also measured. Both tests were quantitatively evaluated.RESULTS: In the drug-concentration study, mean concentrations of 1.46 microg/mL in BAS and 15.75 microg/mL in BAL were reached at 4 hours. At 24 hours, concentrations were 0.37 microg/m and 11.02 microg/mL in BAS and BAL, respectively. In the distribution study, 99m technetium-labeled AB distribution was uniform in 12 of 13 allografts without bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and in 1 of 4 allografts with BOS. A close correlation was observed between regional drug distribution and regional perfusion (r=0.82, P
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