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For over forty years Gertrude Stein developed a style of writing that combined the newly explored disciplines of cognitive psychology and abstract visual art into an innovative literary form. Stein ultimately challenged one's ability to comprehend through non-linear forms of communication by attempting to bridge the gap between visual art, music, and literature. Stein used musical devices within her writing on both tactile and aural levels. Therefore, musicaldevices implemented in Stein's writing style and the realizations of these devices by six American art song composers have been assessed. Chapter 1 discusses elements that influencedStein's establishment of writing style and disassembles her writing into specific compositional devices. Chapter 2 highlights the transcendental properties of music and Stein's utilization of music's non-linear modes of communication. Chapter 3 addresses the comprehension of Stein's musically laden texts through the diverse compositional styles and musical experiences achieved through art songs composed by Virgil Thomson, Ned Rorem, David Diamond, John Cage,Gunther Schuller, and Richard Hundley. The study concludes with a performance guide in chapter 4, which offers assistance in forming personal interpretation and brief song specifics to vocalists who wish to perform Stein art songs. The purpose of this study is to broaden awareness and scholarship of art songs set to Stein's texts and the variance of compositional choices that aptly realize her musical semantics. |
