| Popis: |
Approximately 93 million adults and over 13 million children and adolescents across the U.S. are considered overweight or obese.1 Healthcare expenditures are shown to be 81% greater in obese adults versus those of normal-weight.2 Obesity has been linked to several chronic health conditions and severe disease risks. These health concerns include risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and metabolic syndrome.3 The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension has steadily increased in the United States and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is estimated at more than 30%.4UUnderstanding the trends in metabolic syndrome and examining those who are at an increased risk for metabolic conditions is paramount.4 Therefore, it is essential that accurate and reliable tools are used and implemented to assess patients at risk for metabolic syndrome. Currently body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are believed to be appropriate screening measures. Expanding on the work of Hamagawa et al.5, and Suzuki et al.6, this work adds evidence for providing a cost effective, portable, accurate, and non-ionizing approach to assess an individuals’ abdominal adiposity. This approach uses diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) as a tool for assessing abdominal adiposity in hopes of this method being adopted to help determine an individual’s risk for metabolic conditions. Participants provided several anthropometric measures as well as imaging data, to determine if sonographic measures of abdominal fat could be an accurate screening technique for gauging the risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Measurements were taken on a GE Logiq i laptop ultrasound unit to indirectly asses the participants’ subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. These measures were then compared to corresponding measures of BMI, WC, and DXA (android percent body fat, subscores). Additionally, a mesenteric fat thickness measurement was taken and compared to the WC measure.This method was then applied in the pediatric population to gauge for adaptability and feasibility. These measures demonstrated moderately positive association and were statistically significant. A Type III Test of Fixed Effects demonstrated a highly significant change over time for BMI, DMS measures of subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and mesenteric fat. WC measures and the DXA (android % body fat, subscores) showed no significant change over time. Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicated a mostly moderate to high association between the DXA (android % body fat, subscores) and DMS measurements of visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and mesenteric fat layers. The visceral minimum measures did not demonstrate a high correlation to the DXA (android % body fat, subscores). DMS is an indirect imaging tool that could be used in correlation with other measures to help determine an individual’s risk for metabolic syndrome. The value of DMS for gauging abdominal obesity and the risk for metabolic disease is that it is relatively inexpensive, noninvasive, and valid indirect assessment tool. |
