Consequences of Insect Flight Loss for Molecular Evolutionary Rates and Diversification
| Autor: | Mitterboeck, T. Fatima |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
evolution
flight transitions insects molecular rates diversification flightless flight loss dispersal holometabola insect species species richness effective population size population size population subdivision macroevolution microevolution comparative method substitution rates dN/dS ratios non-synonymous substitutions nearly neutral theory molecular clock mitochondrial DNA nuclear DNA OXPHOS COI COX1 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I pterygota speciation extinction whole-tree method sister-group method |
| Druh dokumentu: | Diplomová práce |
| Popis: | This thesis investigates the molecular evolutionary and macroevolutionary consequences of flight loss in insects. Chapter 2 tests the hypothesis that flightless groups have smaller effective population sizes than related flighted groups, expected to result in a consistent pattern of increased non-synonymous to synonymous ratios in flightless lineages due to the greater effect of genetic drift in smaller populations. Chapter 3 tests the hypothesis that reduced dispersal and species-level traits such as range size associated with flightlessness increase extinction rates, which over the long term will counteract increased speciation rates in flightless lineages, leading to lower net diversification. The wide-spread loss of flight in insects has led to increased molecular evolutionary rates and is associated with decreased long-term net diversification. I demonstrate that the fundamental trait of dispersal ability has shaped two forms of diversity—molecular and species—in the largest group of animals, and that microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns do not necessarily mirror each other. Generously funded by NSERC with a Canada Graduate Scholarship and the Government of Ontario with an Ontario Graduate Scholarship to T. Fatima Mitterboeck; NSERC with a Discovery Grant to Dr. Sarah J. Adamowicz |
| Databáze: | Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations |
| Externí odkaz: |
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