Biologia reprodutiva e hábito alimentar do beijupirá Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766), como base para o desenvolvimento da piscicultura marinha

Autor: HAMILTON, Santiago
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPEUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoUFRPE.
Druh dokumentu: Doctoral Thesis
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Cobia Rachycentron canadum is considered an excellent species for marine aquaculture. However, little is known regarding its biology in the coastal waters of Brazil. The aim of the present study was to describe the reproductive biology and feeding habits of cobia along the coast of Pernambuco state (northeastern Brazil). The work was carried out between February / 2004 and August / 2006, with samples collected from artisanal and sport fishing. Total length ranged from 42.0 to 141.0 cm (mean and standard deviation: 95.8 ± 19.8 cm) and total weight ranged from 0.4 to 29.8 kg (7.5 ± 4.3 kg). The type and time of spawning, length at fisrt maturity (L50) and fecundity was evaluated. Furthermore, it was analyzed the food strategy and the importance of each food item in the diet using the index of relative importance (IRI). Histological analysis of the 99 gonads (42 females and 57 males) evidenced the presence of mature females throughout the year. Length at 50% maturity was 69.8 cm of furcal length (FL) for females, with 100% of adult females in the length class of length above 90-100 cm FL. Batch fecundity ranged from 192,063 to 1,600,513 oocyte and the mean relative batch fecundity was 32.9 to 104.8 oocytes / gram of female weight. A total of 110 stomachs were analyzed (54 females and 56 males), 92 (83.6%) contained food items and 18 (16.4%) were empty. Bony fish were the main food item (IRI = 98.7%). The squirrelfish (Holocentrus adscensionis) and porcupine fish (Diodon sp.) were the most frequent prey itmes (30.7% and 8.2% IRI, respectively). Elasmobranchs, crustaceans and cephalopods were also present in small proportions (IRI < 1% for each). No significant differences in diet were found between sexes or size classes (zoological length: < or ≥ 69.8 cm; estimated L50 for the species). The present data demonstrate that cobia along the coast of Pernambuco state (northeastern Brazil) had a protracted reproduction throughout the year, but with peake between January and April, when the highest gonadosomatic index are verified for females and is a carnivorous predator with a preference for demersal bony fish, independently of the size and sex of the individuals analyzed.
O beijupirá Rachycentron canadum vem se destacando como uma excelente espécie para a piscicultura marinha, entretanto pouco se conhece acerca da sua biologia no Brasil. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a biologia reprodutiva e o hábito alimentar do beijupirá, na região Nordeste do Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado entre fevereiro/2004 e agosto/2006, com exemplares procedentes da pesca artesanal e esportiva, com comprimento total entre 42,0 e 141,0 cm ( = 95,8 cm) e peso total entre 0,4 e 29,8 kg ( = 7,5 kg ). Foram avaliadas o tipo e época da desova, o tamanho de primeira maturação, a fecundidade, a importância de cada item alimentar na dieta da espécie pelo índice de importância relativa (IIR) e a estratégia alimentar. A análise histológica de 99 gônadas (42 fêmeas e 57 machos) evidenciou a presença de fêmeas maduras em todos os bimestres do ano. O tamanho de primeira maturação (L50) para as fêmeas foi de 69,8 cm comprimento zoológico (CZ), com 100% das fêmeas adultas na classe de comprimento acima de 90-100 cm CZ. A fecundidade do lote variou de 192.063 a 1.600.513 e a fecundidade relativa média do lote foi de 32,9 a 104,8 ovócitos/grama de peso da fêmea. Foram analisados 110 estômagos (54 fêmeas e 56 machos), sendo 92 (83,6%) com algum item alimentar e 18 (16,4%) vazios. Os peixes ósseos foram os principais itens consumidos na dieta alimentar, com 98,7% do IIR, entre os quais a mariquita (Holocentrus adscensionis), com 30,7%, e o baiacu (Diodon sp.), com 8,2%, foram as presas mais consumidas. A dieta foi composta, ainda, por elasmobrânquios, crustáceos e cefalópodes
Databáze: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations
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