Caracteriza??o gen?tica e in situ de Gossypium barbadense na regi?o norte do Brasil

Autor: Almeida, Vanessa Cavalcante de
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2007
Předmět:
Zdroj: Repositório Institucional da UFRNUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteUFRN.
Druh dokumentu: masterThesis
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Brazil has been considered one of the diversity centers of Gossypium barbadense species. It is believed that a relatively big erosion genetic process occurs with the species, due to economic, cultural and agricultural problems. A local diagnostic about species situation is the first step for reducing the diversity loss and establishing conservation strategies in situ. This research aimed the identification of the presence of Gossypium populations, characterization, determination of the main risks and collection of the accesses to store in germoplam banks, in Para and Amapa States. Expeditions were conducted in November 2004. An interview was carried out with the plant proprietor for characterizing in situ of G. barbadense species and of the environment where the plants were inserted. On hundred seventy nine plants in 22 municipal districts were collected in Para State and 117 plants in nine municipal districts in Amapa State. The majority of plants belong to G. barbadense species (98% in Amapa and 94% in Para). Plants occur in back yards, beside roads and spontaneously. That ones from back yards were more abundant (97% in Amapa and 95% in Para) and maintained as medicinal plants as the principal reason. Plants in natural environments in both states evaluated were not found, therefore, the creation of reserves and the application of others conventional methods of maintenance in situ are not applicable. The plant proprietors do not use to store or process seeds. Seed storage was reported as a practice by only 1% of the plant proprietors from Para and 11% from Amapa. The most plants collected were from two to three years of age (58% in Amapa and 93% in Para). As conclusions G. barbadense is the species most spread in the two studied states and are found in back yards. In Amapa State the botanical variety barbadense or Quebradinho is predominant, whereas in Para State the predominant variety is brasiliense or Rim-de-boi. Adequate conservation of thestudied species must be carried out in germoplasm collections maintained ex situ
O Brasil ? considerado um dos centros de diversidade da esp?cie Gossypium barbadense. Acredita-se que grande parte da variabilidade gen?tica de G. barbadense esteja sendo perdida, em virtude de problemas econ?micos, culturais e agr?colas. O primeiro passo para reduzir a perda de diversidade e estabelecer estrat?gias de conserva??o in situ ? realizar um diagn?stico de como a esp?cie se encontra nos locais em que ocorre. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar popula??es de Gossypium presentes no estado do Par? e Amap?, caracteriz?-Ias, determinar os principais riscos e coletar acessos para armazenamento em bancos de germoplasma. Foram realizadas expedi??es em Novembro de 2004, e a caracteriza??o in situ de G. barbadense foi realizada por entrevista do propriet?rio da planta e da an?lise do ambiente em que as plantas estavam inseridas. Foram coletadas 179 plantas em 22 munic?pios no estado do Par? e 117 plantas em nove munic?pios no estado do Amap?. A maioria das plantas pertence ? esp?cie G. barbadense (98% no Amap? e 94% no Par?). As plantas ocorrem em fundo de quintal, beira de estrada e de modo espont?neo, sendo as de fundo de quintal bem mais abundantes (97% no Amap? e 95% no Par?) e mantidas com a finalidade principal de serem usadas como plantas medicinais. Os moradores n?o possuem o h?bito de armazenar e beneficiar as sementes, no Par? apenas 1 % dos propriet?rios relatou armazenar as sementes e no Amap? esse ?ndice foi de 11 %. A maioria das plantas coletadas tinha de dois a tr?s anos de idade (58% no Amap? e 93% no Par?). Conclui-se ent?o que G. barbadense ? a esp?cie mais difundida nos dois estados e que s?o encontradas em fundo de quintal. No estado do Amap? predomina a variedade bot?nica barbadense ou Quebradinho, enquanto que no Par? predomina a variedade brasiliense ou Rim-de-boi. N?o foram encontradas plantas em ambientes naturais nos dois estados, portanto a cria??o de reservase o emprego de outros m?todos convencionais de manuten??o in situ n?o parecem ser aplic?veis a G. barbadense em ambos os estados. A adequada conserva??o dessas esp?cies deve ser realizada em cole??es de germoplasma mantidas ex situ
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