Caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e de tipo, diverg?ncia e avalia??o gen?tica de caprinos leiteiros registrados no Brasil de 1976 a 2009

Autor: Ferreira, Talita Andrade
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2011
Předmět:
Zdroj: Repositório Institucional da UFVJMUniversidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriUFVJM.
Druh dokumentu: masterThesis
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Utilizando dados de caprinos registrados na Associa??o de Criadores de Caprinos e Ovinos de Minas Gerais, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar um conjunto de caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e de tipo atrav?s da an?lise de componentes principais (ACP), diverg?ncia gen?tica entre as ra?as Saanen, Alpina, Toogenbug e Anglo-nubiana atrav?s da an?lise multivariada e estimar os par?metros gen?ticos para as mesmas caracter?sticas em caprinos da ra?a Saanen. Dados de 2.439 animais, nascidos de 1976 a 2009, foram submetidos ? ACP, objetivando reduzir a dimensionalidade do conjunto de caracter?sticas. Foram consideradas as seguintes caracter?sticas: per?metro tor?cico (PT), comprimento de corpo (CC), altura na cernelha (AC), altura na garupa (AG), largura da garupa (LG), comprimento da garupa (CG) caracter?stica racial, cabe?a, paletas e linha superior, membros e p?s, tipo leiteiro, capacidade corporal, ?bere, ligamento traseiro, ligamento dianteiro, textura do ?bere, tetos e pontua??o final. A partir dessa an?lise, sugeriram-se onze vari?veis para descarte, por apresentarem maiores coeficientes de pondera??o, em valor absoluto, a partir do ?ltimo componente principal. Assim, recomendaram-se as seguintes caracter?sticas para trabalhos futuros: altura na garupa, largura da garupa, cabe?a, capacidade corporal, ?bere, ligamentos dianteiros e textura do ?bere. As caracter?sticas AG, LG, cabe?a, capacidade corporal, ?bere, ligamentos dianteiros e textura do ?bere foram submetidas ? an?lise de diverg?ncia gen?tica. O desempenho das ra?as foi avaliado por meio da an?lise de vari?ncia multivariada e da fun??o discriminante linear de Fisher, usando os testes do maior autovalor de Roy e da uni?o-interse??o de Roy para as compara??es m?ltiplas. O estudo da diverg?ncia gen?tica foi feito por meio da an?lise por vari?veis can?nicas, dist?ncia de Mahalanobis e pelo m?todo de otimiza??o de Tocher. A ra?a Anglo-nubiana apresentou superioridade em rela??o ? Alpina, Saanen e Toggenburg. Atrav?s da an?lise de agrupamento observou-se que as ra?as Saanen, Toggenburg e Alpina formaram um grupo e Anglo-nubiana outro grupo. Para realiza??o da an?lise gen?tica, a fim de se estimar as herdabilidades, correla??es gen?ticas e fenot?picas, e tend?ncias gen?ticas, foram utilizadas as mesmas caracter?sticas da ACP. Os componentes de (co)vari?ncia necess?rios ? estima??o dos par?metros gen?ticos das caracter?sticas estudadas foram estimados pelo m?todo da M?xima Verossimilhan?a Restrita (REML). O modelo animal multicaracter?sticas incluiu efeito gen?tico aditivo direto de animal, como aleat?rio, e os efeitos fixos de grupos contempor?neos. Valores baixos a altos para estimativas de herdabilidade (0,08 a 0,45) foram encontrados, evidenciando a possibilidade de resposta direta ? sele??o para algumas caracter?sticas. As estimativas de correla??es gen?ticas e fenot?picas foram de moderadas a altas magnitudes, e observou-se discreta queda nas tend?ncias gen?ticas ao longo dos anos para maior parte das caracter?sticas avaliadas.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011.
Using data reported about goats in the Association of Sheep and Goats Breeders of Minas Gerais, the aim of this study was to evaluate a set of morphological and type traits by analyzing principal component (PCA), genetic divergence between the breeds Saanen, Alpine, and Anglo-Nubian Toogenbug through multivariate analysis and estimate genetic parameters for the same traits in Saanen goats. Data from 2439 animals, born from 1976 to 2009, were submitted to ACP, aiming to reduce the dimensionality of the feature set. The following characteristics were considered: thoracic circumference (PT), body length (CC), withers height (AC), croup height (AG), croup width (LG), croup length (CG), feature race, the head, top line and palettes, limbs and feet, dairy type, body capacity, mammary gland, linking back, front ligament, udder texture, ceilings and final score. From this analysis, eleven variables have been suggested for disposal, because they have higher weights in absolute value, from the last major component. Thus, it is recommended the following for further work: group height, group width, head, body capacity, mammary gland, front ligaments and udder texture. These features were submitted to genetic divergence analysis. The performance of the races was evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance and Fisher's linear discriminating function, using the tests of the largest Roy eigenvalue and Roy union-intersection for multiple comparisons. The study of genetic divergence was done by canonical variable analysis, Mahalanobis distance and the Tocher optimization method. The Anglo-nubian showed superiority to Alpine, Saanen and Toggenburg. Through cluster analysis Saanen, Toggenburg and Alpine breeders formed one group and Anglo-Nubian another one. To perform genetic analysis, in order to estimate the heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, and genetic tendencies, the same characteristics as the ACP were used. The (co) variances which are necessary to estimate the genetic parameters studied were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The animal multicharacteristics model included direct genetic effect of animal, such as random and fixed effects of contemporary groups. Low to high heritability values estimates (0.08 to 0.45) were found, indicating the possibility of direct response to select some traits. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were from moderate to high magnitude, and it was observed a slight decrease in genetic trends over the years for most traits evaluated.
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