| Popis: |
Patient-centredness and patient empowerment have been gaining importance in health policy and society already since the 1990s (Fumagalli et al. (2015), Castro et al. (2016)). For example, increasing patient empowerment has been one of the declared national health objectives in Germany since 2003 because patient orientation and participation provide important impulses for a demand-oriented and efficient design of healthcare systems and services (Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (2018)). A transition is taking place from an institution-based view of care provision to a more patient-based view that considers patients as co-managers of their individual care process and well-being (Kayser et al. (2019)). This transition also encompasses the developments towards integrated care1, i. e. a closer coordination between inpatient, outpatient and home care services, broadening the traditional focus from acute care to better integrate healthpromoting, preventive and post-treatment or palliative services as part of the whole continuum of care across sector boundaries (Minkman (2012), World Health Organization (2016), Expert Group on Health Systems Performance Assessment (2017)). These developments are particularly relevant for patients with long-term, chronic diseases or multimorbidities as their needs are often more complex and not exclusively medically determined (Smith and O’Dowd (2007), Hujala et al. (2016)). |
