台北市交通警察人員工作壓力的正面效應與工作績效關係之研究
| Autor: | 王正廷 |
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| Druh dokumentu: | Text |
| Popis: | 雖然Hans Selye曾經說過：壓力也是生活的調味料，大家也承認壓力亦像錢幣有兩面一樣具有「正面效應」：如，努力工作，但是迄今之研究者仍然一致強調工作壓力對警察的「負面效應」。樂觀者見到玫瑰的美，悲觀者卻只看到它的刺。由於壓力不可避免，所以與其咀咒黑暗，不如點燃蠟燭，化壓力阻力為成功助力。基於此一觀點，本研究之目的，在於找出警察人員工作壓力的「正面效應」和個人工作績效之間的關連，以提出增進工作壓力的「正面效應」之實務性建議，來預防工作壓力的「負面效應」和改善個人工作績效。 本研究以台北市政府警察局交通警察大隊為研究母體，包括有三個直屬分隊和配置十四個分局中的交通分隊。本研究採用自編之量化問卷做普測式之調查，共發出問卷882份，回收732份，有效份數包含三線一星大隊長、二位二線四星副大隊長等計有576份，總體有效比率為78.8﹪。問卷調查所得之資料，以SPSS for Windows 9.0套裝軟體進行統計分析和檢驗研究假設。 研究發現計有21項，其中： 一、工作壓力的「正面效應」之因素為工作特性和角色、家計和家人期望、生涯發展、組織氣氛等四項； 二、壓力調節因子的因素為個人對壓力的管理、組織對壓力的管理、個性堅毅程度等三項； 三、未婚（含離婚）、年資6-10年、一線三星等三項警察人員的工作壓力的「正面效應」的得分和個人工作績效的得分最低； 四、多變數分析發現，以組織對壓力的管理、個人對壓力的管理、組織氣氛、個性堅毅程度、和家中有需要我親自照顧的老人或孩童等五項為預測警察人員個人工作績效的顯著因素，五項因素共可解釋之變異量為31.0％，又以組織對壓力的管理是預測警察人員個人工作績效的最重要的因素； 五、較有工作壓力感受者，其工作壓力的「正面效應」比較低； 六、較有憂鬱及自殺傾向者，其個人工作績效比較低； 七、電腦雖已廣泛使用，基層員警的文書作業仍然過多； 八、基層員警對執法工作仍有熱忱，但有心無力。 根據研究發現，提出15項實務上、5項未來實證研究上的建議，供警察組織、警察單位主管、警察人員個人，以及未來研究者參考。 關鍵字：交通警察、工作壓力、正面效應、工作績效、壓力管理 Hans Selye ever said that stress is the spice of life,although current researchers consistently emphasized its negative effects on police officers.Admittedly,work stress could result in positive effects such as working harder.From this point of view,the aim of this study is to find out the relationship between the positive effcets of work stress and individual job performance of Taipei City traffic police officers. The population of this study is the police officers in Taipei City Police Department,Traffic Division,including 3 direct affiliated teams＆14 traffic police squads of regional police districts.This study adopted a general survey,using a self-edited quantitative questionnaire.Of the 882 questionnaires sent out,732 were returned,among which 576 were valid,including the commander＆the 2 deputy commanders.The returning rate of valid questionnaires was 78.8﹪.The data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows 9.0 edition. This study has 21 items of findings.For example： 1. The four factors of the positive effcets of work stress were job characteristics and police role,household and expectations from family,career development,and organizational atmosphere. 2. The three factors of the moderators of the stress response were individual management of stress, organizational management of stress,and hardiness. 3. Married Status of Single（unmarried or divorced）,six to ten years of service,and street-level police officers got the least average score not only on the positive effcets of work stress item but also on individual job performance item. 4. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that organizational management of work stress,individual management of work stress, organizational atmosphere,hardiness,and taking care of the elderly and children were the significant influencing factors of individual job performance.These five factors could explain the 31.0﹪of the total variance.The factor of organizational management of work stress was the most important predictable one. 5. Those who perceived more work stress would get less scores on the positive effcets of work stress item. 6. Those who were liable to be in depressive mood or to commit suicide would get less scores on individual job performance item. 7. Street-level police officers still have to do excessive paperwork,although computers are widely used in their office. 8. Street-level police officers still have great enthusiasm about enforcement task,although they found that they could do little for it. Based on the findings in this study,15 pieces of advice about how to impove police， job performance were submitted to police policy-makers,police supervisors and police officers；besides,5 aspects of future study were noted so that researchers could take advantage of one or all of them. Key Words：Traffic Police Officer,Work Stress, Positive Effects, Job Performance,Stress Managemant |
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