Treatment of Depression with Botulinum Toxin

Autor:	Marc Axel Wollmer, Michelle Magid, Tillmann H. C. Kruger, Eric Finzi
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2022
Předmět:	botulinum toxin emotional proprioception embodiment depression facial feedback hypothesis Medicine
Zdroj:	Toxins, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 383 (2022)
Druh dokumentu:	article
ISSN:	2072-6651
DOI:	10.3390/toxins14060383
Popis:	Injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) into the glabellar region of the face is a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of depression. This treatment method has several advantages, including few side effects and a long-lasting, depot-like effect. Here we review the clinical and experimental evidence for the antidepressant effect of BoNT injections as well as the theoretical background and possible mechanisms of action. Moreover, we provide practical instructions for the safe and effective application of BoNT in the treatment of depression. Finally, we describe the current status of the clinical development of BoNT as an antidepressant and give an outlook on its potential future role in the management of mental disorders.
Databáze:	Directory of Open Access Journals
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