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Anna Kastelik-Hryniewiecka,1,2 Pawel Jewula,3 Karolina Bakalorz,1 Gabriela Kramer-Marek,2,4 Nikodem Kuźnik1 1Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland; 2Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland; 3Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; 4Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UKCorrespondence: Nikodem Kuźnik; Gabriela Kramer-Marek Tel +48 694 22 00 77; +44 208 722 4412Fax +48 32 237 13 08; +44 207 370 5261Email nikodem.kuznik@polsl.pl; Gabriela.Kramer-Marek@icr.ac.ukAbstract: Recently, the demand for hybrid PET/MRI imaging techniques has increased significantly, which has sparked the investigation into new ways to simultaneously track multiple molecular targets and improve the localization and expression of biochemical markers. Multimodal imaging probes have recently emerged as powerful tools for improving the detection sensitivity and accuracy—both important factors in disease diagnosis and treatment; however, only a limited number of bimodal probes have been investigated in preclinical models. Herein, we briefly describe the strengths and limitations of PET and MRI modalities and highlight the need for the development of multimodal molecularly-targeted agents. We have tried to thoroughly summarize data on bimodal probes available on PubMed. Emphasis was placed on their design, safety profiles, pharmacokinetics, and clearance properties. The challenges in PET/MR probe development using a number of illustrative examples are also discussed, along with future research directions for these novel conjugates.Keywords: medical imaging, bioresponsive probes, targeting, contrast agents, relaxivity, clearance |
