| Autor: |
Küpper Hans-Dieter, Pianetti Alessandro, Saab Samer |
| Jazyk: |
English<br />French |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 343, p 04002 (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2267-1242 |
| DOI: |
10.1051/e3sconf/202234304002 |
| Popis: |
Driven by energy efficiency requirements and legal restrictions like F-Gas Regulation Heat Pump OEM supplier are looking for alternative refrigerant solutions. HFO based low GWP refrigerants can help increasing the system efficiency, expanding the operating temperature range while reducing CO2 emissions. For building restoration in particular, high flow temperatures (for existing hydronic heating system) are essential for convenient and cost-and energy-efficient replacements of fossil fuel boilers. A2L classified refrigerants provide extended application range at highest safety level versus A3 classified refrigerants, but R-32 still carries a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 675 making it a transitional solution. This paper compares different relevant parameters and points out the advantages provided by HFO A2L low GWP refrigerants (like R-454B and R-454C) for a wide capacity range of air to water and brine to water heat pumps. A special focus is put on the application of building restoration. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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