Optimizing agitated saline volume for contrast echocardiography: Balancing diagnostic performance and operator fatigue

Autor: Hezhi Li, Yanying Huang, Dongling Luo, Song Wen, Hongwen Fei, Caojin Zhang
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Medicine Advances, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 254-261 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2834-4405
2834-4391
DOI: 10.1002/med4.73
Popis: Abstract Background Agitated saline contrast echocardiography, essential for patent foramen ovale detection, typically uses a 10 mL saline protocol, which may lead to operator fatigue and compromise diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to identify an optimal saline volume that balances diagnostic efficacy and minimizes operator fatigue. Methods Fifty‐three patients with suspected patent foramen ovale underwent echocardiography using three saline protocols: 10 mL (9 mL saline + 1 mL air), 7 mL (6.4 mL saline + 0.6 mL air), and 5 mL (4.6 mL saline + 0.4 mL air). The protocols were evaluated for their impact on microbubble signal intensity in the right atrium, right‐to‐left shunt grading, and operator fatigue, as assessed by the Borg CR10 scale. Results The signal intensities were comparable between the 10 mL and 7 mL protocols, while the 5 mL protocol showed significantly lower signal intensities at all time points (p
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