Correlation of GABA+ levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and circulating follicular helper T cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with cognitive impairment

Autor: Yinghui Duan, Qianyun Rui, Yang Yang, Jingluan Tian, Shugang Cao, Feng Zhu, Xiaoyu Duan, Hanqing Gao, Xiaopei Ji, Xinyi Xiao, Yonggang Li, Qun Xue
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Brain and Behavior, Vol 14, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2162-3279
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3433
Popis: Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with cognitive impairment (CI) is acknowledged. However, the underlying pathogenesis and involvement of the immune system remain unclear. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the alterations in immune cells, cytokines, and GABA+ levels in NMOSD patients with cognitive deficits. Methods Thirty‐eight NMOSD patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) were included. NMOSD patients were stratified as NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP groups. The difference in cognitive functions, Tfh and cytokines, and GABA+ levels were assessed, and their correlations were calculated. Results NMOSD‐CI patients showed worse performance on all cognitive tests, and the percentage of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) was significantly elevated. The frequency of cTfh was positively and negatively correlated with Stroop‐A and AVLT long‐delayed scores, respectively. IL‐21 was remarkably higher in NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP. The level of GABA+ in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly decreased in NMOSD‐CI and was proved positively and negatively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the frequency of circulating Tfh cells, respectively. Conclusion In NMOSD‐CI patients, all cognitive domains were impacted, , while GABA+ levels in mPFC were decreased. GABA+ levels in NMOSD‐CI were negatively correlated with the frequency of cTfh, suggesting the underlying coupling mechanism between immune responses and neurotransmitter metabolism in CI in NMOSD patients.
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