A Scoping Review Investigating the 'Gene-Dosage Theory' of Mitochondrial DNA in the Healthy Skeletal Muscle

Autor: Zandra Overgaard Pedersen, Britt Staevnsbo Pedersen, Steen Larsen, Tina Dysgaard
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 9, p 8154 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1422-0067
1661-6596
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098154
Popis: This review provides an overview of the evidence regarding mtDNA and valid biomarkers for assessing mitochondrial adaptions. Mitochondria are small organelles that exist in almost all cells throughout the human body. As the only organelle, mitochondria contain their own DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA-encoded polypeptides are subunits of the enzyme complexes in the electron transport chain (ETC) that are responsible for production of ATP to the cells. mtDNA is frequently used as a biomarker for mitochondrial content, since changes in mitochondrial volume are thought to induce similar changes in mtDNA. However, some exercise studies have challenged this “gene-dosage theory”, and have indicated that changes in mitochondrial content can adapt without changes in mtDNA. Thus, the aim of this scoping review was to summarize the studies that used mtDNA as a biomarker for mitochondrial adaptions and address the question as to whether changes in mitochondrial content, induce changes in mtDNA in response to aerobic exercise in the healthy skeletal muscle. The literature was searched in PubMed and Embase. Eligibility criteria included: interventional study design, aerobic exercise, mtDNA measurements reported pre- and postintervention for the healthy skeletal muscle and English language. Overall, 1585 studies were identified. Nine studies were included for analysis. Eight out of the nine studies showed proof of increased oxidative capacity, six found improvements in mitochondrial volume, content and/or improved mitochondrial enzyme activity and seven studies did not find evidence of change in mtDNA copy number. In conclusion, the findings imply that mitochondrial adaptions, as a response to aerobic exercise, can occur without a change in mtDNA copy number.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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