Two enabling factors for farmer-driven pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries

Autor: Stefanie Christmann, Aden Aw-Hassan, Yasemin Güler, Hasan Cumhur Sarisu, Marc Bernard, Moulay Chrif Smaili, Athanasios Tsivelikas
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 54-67 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1473-5903
1747-762X
14735903
DOI: 10.1080/14735903.2021.1916254
Popis: Reward-based wildflower strips are the most common approach for pollinator protection in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries cannot afford this practice. A promising pilot study in Uzbekistan introduced an alternative approach, Farming with Alternative Pollinators, focusing on farmers as target group, marketable habitat enhancement plants and a method-inherent incentive: higher income per surface achieved already in the first year. We hypothesized that higher income would be a replicable enabling factor across continents, but a knowledge-raising campaign would be necessary in many low- and middle-income countries. We assessed the replicability of the incentive with a small number of farmers in 2015–2016 in Morocco but focused on assessing if farmers have sufficient knowledge to recognize wild pollinators and use this approach. We conducted 766 interviews using a standardized questionnaire with randomly selected smallholder farmers in three culturally different farming societies of low- and middle-income countries (Morocco, Turkey and Benin). Farming with Alternative Pollinators induced higher income (75% (2015), 177% (2016)) also in Morocco. The trial and the survey show the indispensability of a knowledge-raising campaign as the second enabling factor. However, based on capacity building, Farming with Alternative Pollinators could have indeed high potential to promote pollinator protection in low- and middle-income countries.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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