The role of C-peptide in regulation of the insulin signaling system (systematic review)
| Autor: | O. N. Poteryaeva, I. F. Usynin |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | ruština |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Сибирский научный медицинский журнал, Vol 41, Iss 1, Pp 33-43 (2021) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2410-2512 2410-2520 |
| DOI: | 10.18699/SSMJ20210103 |
| Popis: | The C-peptide is a fragment of proinsulin, the cleavage of which forms active insulin. In recent years, new evidence has emerged indicating that C-peptide is involved not only in the processing of insulin in the secretory granules of pancreatic β-cells, but also has an important regulatory effect on the functions of many organs and tissues. C-peptide mediates physiological effects through signaling pathways by binding to a specific receptor on the cell membrane. Intracellular signaling occurs through the G-protein and Ca2+- dependent pathways, which leads to the activation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, and important transcription factors involved in apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and other intracellular defense mechanisms. One of the most important physiological effects of C-peptide is the regulation and modification of insulin signaling mechanisms. The nature of the effect of C-peptide on the insulin signaling system depends on the concentration of insulin. It is assumed that under conditions of low insulin levels, the C-peptide receptor binds to Gi/o-proteins and leads to increased activation of processes induced by insulin. In this case, the C-peptide acts as insulin-mimetic peptide. Under high insulin conditions, the C-peptide receptor binds to Gq/11-proteins and leads to activation of protein kinase C with subsequent weakening of insulin-related signaling cascades. This review presents new facts indicating the participation of C-peptide in the regulation of the insulin signaling system. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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