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Camila Faria de Amorim Pereira,1,* Michelle Nonato de Oliveira Melo,1,* Vania Emerich Bucco de Campos,2 Ivania Paiva Pereira,1 Adriana Passos Oliveira,1 Mariana Souza Rocha,1 João Vitor da Costa Batista,3,4 Valter Paes de Almeida,5 Irailson Thierry Monchak,5 Eduardo Ricci-Júnior,6 Rafael Garrett,7 Aline Gabrielle Alves Carvalho,7 Jane Manfron,5 Stephan Baumgartner,3,8,9 Carla Holandino1,3 1Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2Department of Pharmacy, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 5Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; 6Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 7Metabolomics Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 8Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany; 9Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Carla Holandino, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Block B basement, Room 34, 373, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil, Email cholandino@gmail.com Stephan Baumgartner, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Email St.Baumgartner@vfk.chBackground and Purpose: Natural products are potential sources of anticancer components. Among various species, the lipophilic extract of the Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm. (VALE) has shown promising therapeutic potential. The present work aimed to qualify the plant source and characterize the extract’s chemical profile. In addition, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing VALE (SNEDDS-VALE) was developed.Methods: V. album subsp. austriacum histochemistry was performed, and the chemical profile of VALE was analyzed by GC-MS. After the SNEEDS-VALE development, its morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while its stability was evaluated by the average droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI) and pH. Lastly, SNEDDS-VALE chemical stability was evaluated by LC-DAD-MS.Results: The histochemical analysis showed the presence of lipophilic compounds in the leaves and stems. The major compound in the VALE was oleanolic acid, followed by lupeol acetate and ursolic acid. SNEDDS was composed of medium chain triglyceride and Kolliphor® RH 40 (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil). A homogeneous, isotropic and stable nanoemulsion was obtained, with an average size of 36.87 ± 1.04 nm and PdI of 0.14 ± 0.02, for 14 weeks.Conclusion: This is the first histochemistry analysis of V. album subsp. austriacum growing on Pinus sylvestris L. which provided detailed information regarding its lipophilic compounds. A homogeneous, isotropic and stable SNEDDS-VALE was obtained to improve the low water solubility of VALE. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments should be performed, in order to evaluate the antitumoral potential of SNEDDS-VALE. Keywords: Viscum album subsp. austriacum, mistletoe, lipophilic extract, oleanolic acid, SNEDDS |
