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Abstract Records of stable isotopes (2H and 18O), deuterium excess (d-excess) and tritium (3H) values in precipitation (P) during 1990–2022, together with long-term time series (1919–2022) of air temperature (T) and P-amount values at the Damascus station, were analysed to explore the seasonal and annual variability patterns of those parameters in P and assess the vulnerability to climate change in this area. Variation of the annual average air T values over the period 1919–1969 shows an increase gradient of ≈ + 0.1 °C/decade. However, a remarkable much higher gradient (+ 0.64 °C/decade) is calculated for the period 1990–2022. The average P-amount value calculated for the last three decades (≈185 mm) was lower by ≈28 mm, compared to the value (≈213 mm), relative to the reference period (1919–1969). This significant decline in the annual P-amount value by ≈11–13%, accompanied by an annual heating of 0.2–0.6 °C/decade in the annual air T, is likely the result of the climate change affecting this area. The linear relationships between annual average δ18O and annual average δ2H values versus time over the period 1990–2019 indicate increased gradients in both stable isotopes (≈0.3–0.5‰ and ≈1.1–3.2‰ per decade for δ18O and δ2H, respectively), accompanied with a decrease gradient of ≈0.9–1.1‰ per decade in d-excess values. Variability of annual 3H concentrations towards low levels ( |
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