The synergism of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau extracts with gemcitabine: downregulation of anti-apoptotic markers in squamous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Autor: Ling-Wei Hii, Swee-Hua Erin Lim, Chee-Onn Leong, Swee-Yee Chin, Ngai-Paing Tan, Kok-Song Lai, Chun-Wai Mai
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2019)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1472-6882
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2663-9
Popis: Abstract Background Clinacanthus nutans extracts have been consumed by the cancer patients with the hope that the extracts can kill cancers more effectively than conventional chemotherapies. Our previous study reported its anti-inflammatory effects were caused by inhibiting Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) activation. However, we are unsure of its anticancer effect, and its interaction with existing chemotherapy. Methods We investigated the anti-proliferative efficacy of polar leaf extracts (LP), non-polar leaf extracts (LN), polar stem extract (SP) and non-polar stem extracts (SN) in human breast, colorectal, lung, endometrial, nasopharyngeal, and pancreatic cancer cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assay. The most potent extracts was tested along with gemcitabine using our established drug combination analysis. The effect of the combinatory treatment in apoptosis were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Annexin V assay, antibody array and immunoblotting. Statistical significance was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Dunnett’s test. A p-value of less than 0.05 (p
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