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The discharge of raw wastewater due to inappropriate waste disposal and lack of complete pollutant biodegradation in the wastewater treatment scheme causes several ecological pollutions and poses a potential hazard to human health. Therefore, it is important to find an alternative wastewater treatment technologies for the efficient preservation of environmental and community health. The application of conventional activated sludge (CAS) in large scale wastewater treatments has several disadvantages, including the high energy supply needed for aeration, capital and operational costs. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) are gradually replacing CAS treatment systems, but membrane fouling limits their performance. The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was developed with a main focus of energy saving efficiency of up to 70% (when compared with CAS processes) and for achieving higher effluent quality for reuse in irrigation and flushing purposes. The MABR system uses bubble-less aeration to allow nitrification and denitrification processes to occur simultaneously within a single bioreactor, which aids in the smooth growth of microorganisms (interferes with the wastewater treatment (WWT) in the CAS system) and consumes pollutants, thereby purifying the wastewater. MABR technology have been effectively applied for the treatment of water contaminants, landfill leachate, saline wastewater, hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater, swine wastewater and industrial effluents for the removal of organic matter, xenobiotic, nutrients and other refractory pollutants. The MABR performance is restricted by the process conditions such as biofilm thickness, carbon to nitrogen ration etc. to implement in large scale high strength wastewater treatment. |
