| Autor: |
Julie Joseph, Thomas A. Premeaux, Ritesh Tandon, Edward L. Murphy, Roberta Bruhn, Christophe Nicot, Bobby Brooke Herrera, Alexander Lemenze, Reem Alatrash, Prince Baffour Tonto, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Pooja Jain |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2024 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Viruses, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1443 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1999-4915 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/v16091443 |
| Popis: |
HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the spinal cord due to chronic inflammation. Hallmarks of disease pathology include dysfunctional anti-viral responses and the infiltration of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T cells and HTLV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system. HAM/TSP individuals exhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with elevated co-expression of multiple inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs), but ICP blockade strategies can only partially restore CD8+ T-cell effector function. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, can enhance the spread of viral infections and blunt anti-viral responses. Here, we evaluated the impact of exosomes isolated from HTLV-1-infected cells and HAM/TSP patient sera on dendritic cell (DC) and T-cell phenotypes and function. We observed that exosomes derived from HTLV-infected cell lines (OSP2) elicit proinflammatory cytokine responses in DCs, promote helper CD4+ T-cell polarization, and suppress CD8+ T-cell effector function. Furthermore, exosomes from individuals with HAM/TSP stimulate CD4+ T-cell polarization, marked by increased Th1 and regulatory T-cell differentiation. We conclude that exosomes in the setting of HAM/TSP are detrimental to DC and T-cell function and may contribute to the progression of pathology with HTLV-1 infection. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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