| Popis: |
In the first part, the technique of measuring the level of vibration during the passage of rail transport is considered. The peculiarity of the considered impact is its short duration and regular repeatability during the day (10 s when the metro composition passes through the measurement range with repetition every 1.5–3 minutes for 21 hours a day). The predicted level of vibration and the level of structural noise depending on it are determined by measurements when inspecting a building construction site or, if there are no rail transport lines at the time of construction, by calculation or measurements on existing analogues. When comparing the results of the forecast with the levels of vibration and structural noise that are acceptable for the HF RF, the specific case solves the question: whether buildings are vibroprotective or not. The choice of a method for evaluating the measurement results from the three recommended in the RF SN is decisive in answering this question. It is shown, that only the use of the spectral method is permissible. The remaining two methods, based on obtaining an average over the measurement period (about 30 minutes) of the level, give underestimated results such as "average profile", which contradicts the principle of avoiding "significant concern" underlying sanitary norms. In the second part, the implemented method of building vibroprotection using rubber-metal multilayer replaceable vibration isolators located in openings arranged in the vibrous grooves between the protected and non-protected parts of the building is considered. The method allows to construct buildings of any number of floors, regardless of the availability of rail transport routes and the season, and ensures compliance with the requirements of the sanitary standards of the Russian Federation and SNiP for durability, reliability and durability of buildings vibroinsulated by this method. The third part shows that the use of rubber in vibration isolators does not contradict the requirements of FZ-384 "On the Safety of Buildings and Structures", since when a few or all vibration insulators burn out in openings, the building collapses by the size of the gap of a vibrating joint in areas between openings. Conclusions on the article: 1) the substantiation of the spectral method of measurement allows to realistically assess the need for the use of vibration protection in accordance with the requirements of the RF SN; 2) The system of vibration isolation of buildings, adopted in practice, with the help of rubber-metal vibration insulators ensures that all requirements of the MV of the Russian Federation and SNiP are fulfilled for durability, reliability and durability; 3) a constructive solution of vibration protection ensures unconditional compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law FZ-378 for fire safety of a vibration-proof building when a vibration isolator burns out. |
