The Association of Body Mass Index with COVID-19 Complications and Survival Rate at a Tertiary Hospital

Autor: Salma AlBahrani, Thekra N. Al-Maqati, Yaser A. Al Naam, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Abdullah S. Alqahtani, Saad AlRabeeah, Abdulelah M. Aldhahir, Faisal Alkhalaf, Hind R. Alzuraiq, Maryam Hamad Alenezi, Amal Alzahrani, Mohanad Bakkar, Zainab Albahrani, Rawan M. Maawadh
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Life, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1572 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 13071572
2075-1729
DOI: 10.3390/life13071572
Popis: A high body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for coronavirus infection in hospitalized patients. Our study examined the association between BMI and complications and the survival rate among COVID-19 patients. This retrospective analysis used data from a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 600 participants, with the majority being between 41 and 60 years old (41.3%) and men comprising 63.5% of the sample. Approximately 42.5% of patients were obese, and 31.3% were overweight. The results showed that BMI was significantly linked to respiratory diseases (p = 0.013); end-stage renal disease (p = 0.021); and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.003) but not diabetes mellitus (p = 0.064). Death occurred in 10.8% of patients; 33.8% were admitted to the ICU; 13.8% needed mechanical ventilation; and 60.7% had lung infiltration. Obese patients with oxygen saturation levels below 93% were 2.45 times more likely to require mechanical ventilation than those in the normal-weight group. Overweight and obese patients were also more likely to require mechanical ventilation than normal-weight patients, with odds ratios of 3.66 and 2.81, respectively. The BMI categorized was not associated with survival rate in COVID-19-hospitalized patients using Kaplan-Meier survival plots (p = 0.061). However, the BMI categorized was associated with survival rate in COVID-19 ICU patients (p < 0.001). In addition, the overweight showed a statistically significant higher hazard ratio of 2.22 (p = 0.01) compared to normal-weight patients using a Cox regression model. A high BMI was identified as an independent risk factor for reduced oxygen saturation (
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