Resonant third-harmonic generation driven by out-of-equilibrium electron dynamics in sodium-based near-zero index thin films

Autor: Silvestri Matteo, Sahoo Ambaresh, Assogna Luca, Benassi Paola, Ferrante Carino, Ciattoni Alessandro, Marini Andrea
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Nanophotonics, Vol 13, Iss 11, Pp 2003-2013 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2192-8614
DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0743
Popis: We investigate resonant third-harmonic generation in near-zero index thin films driven out-of-equilibrium by intense optical excitation. Adopting the Landau weak coupling formalism to incorporate electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering processes, we derive a novel set of hydrodynamic equations accounting for collision-driven nonlinear dynamics in sodium. By perturbatively solving hydrodynamic equations, we model third-harmonic generation by a thin sodium film, finding that such a nonlinear process is resonant at the near-zero index resonance of the third-harmonic signal. Thanks to the reduced absorption of sodium, we observe that third-harmonic resonance can be tuned by the impinging pump radiation angle, efficiently modulating the third-harmonic generation process. Furthermore, owing to the metallic sodium response at the pump optical wavelength, we find that the third-harmonic conversion efficiency is maximised at a peculiar thin film thickness where evanescent back-reflection provides increased field intensity within the thin film. Our results are relevant for the development of future ultraviolet light sources, with potential impact for innovative integrated spectroscopy schemes.
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