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Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona,1 Rija Eric Raherison,2 Rija Mikhaël Miandrisoa,1 Radonirina Lazasoa Andrianasolo,2 Andrianirina Dave Patrick Rakotomalala2 1Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine Departments, Soavinandriana Hospital Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 2Endocrinology Department, Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital Center, Antananarivo, MadagascarCorrespondence: Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona, Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine departments, Soavinandriana Hospital Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Email sitrakarah@gmail.comBackground: Diabetes mellitus is already a major cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). Hypovitaminosis D is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also increases the cardiovascular risk of these subjects.Objective: To determine the vitamin D status of Malagasy with T2DM seen at the Soavinandriana Hospital Center, and the association between hypovitaminosis D and CRF.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out over a period of 2 years. Assayed by the chemiluminescence technique, vitamin D was “normal”, “insufficient” and “deficient” if the 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma was ≥ 30 ng/mL, 20– 29 ng/mL and ≤ 19 ng/mL, respectively. Hypovitaminosis D was the set of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.Results: Among the 318 T2DM, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 66.0% (45.2% insufficiency and 20.8% deficiency). Their factors associated were age ≥ 70 years (OR = 2.15 [1.26– 3.66]), glycated haemoglobin ≥ 7% (4.97 [2.97– 8.39]), and retinopathy (OR = 4.15 [1.85– 9.32]). After adjustment for age, Hb A1c ≥ 7% and retinopathy, hypovitaminosis D was associated with hypertension (OR = 8.77 [4.76– 16.2]), dyslipidaemia (OR = 8.05 [3.98– 14.5]), ex-smoking (OR = 6.07 [2.78– 13.3]), microalbuminuria (OR = 2.95 [1.25– 6.97]) and carotid atherosclerosis (OR = 2.96 [1.83– 4.35]).Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D was common in T2DM. Its treatment is primarily preventive. It is also important to control associated CRF, diabetes and its complications.Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cardiovascular risk factors, hypovitaminosis D, Madagascar, type 2 diabetes mellitus |
