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Surveys on the optimum seismic design of structures reveal that many investigations focus on minimizing initial costs while satisfying performance constraints. Although reducing initial costs while complying with earthquake design codes significantly ensures occupant safety, it may still cause considerable economic losses and fatalities. Therefore, calculating potential earthquake damages over the structure’s lifetime is essential from an optimal Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) design perspective. LCC analysis evaluates economic feasibility, including construction, operation, occupancy, maintenance, and end-of-life costs. The population-based, meta-heuristic Ideal Gas Molecular Movement (IGMM) algorithm has proven effective in solving highly nonlinear mono- and multi-objective engineering problems. This paper investigates the LCC-based mono- and multi-objective optimum design of a 3D four-story concrete building structure using the Endurance Time (ET) method, which is employed for its efficiency in estimating structural responses under varying seismic hazard levels. The novelty of this work lies in integrating the ET method with the IGMM algorithm to comprehensively address both economic and performance criteria in seismic design. The results indicate that the proposed technique significantly reduces minor injury costs, rental costs, and income costs by 22%, 16%, and 16%, respectively, achieving a total reduction of 10% in all structural Life-Cycle Costs, which is considered significant. |
